[en] BNL is responsible for the design and construction of the US Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. Titanium Nitride (TiN) coating on the stainless steel vacuum chamber of the SNS accumulator ring is needed to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) and the undesirable resonant multiplication of electrons. The total SEY of TiN coated stainless steel material has been measured after coating samples were exposed to air and after electron and ion bombardment. We report here about TiN coating system setup at BNL and SEY measurements results at CERN, SLAC and KEK. We also present some simulation results of SNS accumulator ring electron-cloud effects using different SEY values

[en] Ceramic chambers will be used in the pulsed kicker magnets for the injection of H^- into the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring, to avoid shielding of a fast-changing external magnetic field by metallic chamber walls and to reduce eddy current heating. The inner surfaces of the ceramic chambers will be coated with a conductive layer, possibly titanium (Ti) or copper (Cu) with a titanium nitride (TiN) overlayer, to reduce the beam coupling impedance, provide passage for beam image current and to reduce the secondary electron yields. This paper describes the development of sputtering method for the 0.83m long 16cm inner diameter (ID) ceramic chambers. Coatings of Ti, Cu and TiN with thickness up to 10 (micro)m were produced by means of DC magnetron sputtering. The difficulty of coating insulators was overcome with the introduction of an anode screen. Films with good adhesion, uniform longitudinal thickness, and conductivity were produced

[en] Ceramic chambers will be used in the pulsed kicker magnets for the injection of H^- into the US Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. There are two reasons for using ceramic chambers in kickers: (1) to avoid shielding of a fast-changing external magnetic field by metallic chamber walls; and (2) to reduce heating due to eddy currents. The inner surfaces of the ceramic chambers will be coated with a conductive layer, possibly titanium (Ti) or copper (Cu) with a titanium nitride (TiN) overlayer, to reduce the beam coupling impedance and provide passage for beam image current. This paper describes the development of sputtering method for the 0.83 m long 16 cm inner diameter ceramic chambers. Coatings of Ti, Cu and TiN with thicknesses up to 10 μm were produced by means of DC magnetron sputtering. The difficulty of coating insulators was overcome with the introduction of an anode screen. Films with good adhesion, uniform longitudinal thickness, and conductivity were produced

[en] In this report we summarize electron-cloud simulations for the RHIC dipole regions at injection and transition to estimate if scrubbing over practical time scales at injection would reduce the electron cloud density at transition to significantly lower values. The lower electron cloud density at transition will allow for an increase in the ion intensity

[en] Ceramic chambers will be used in the pulsed kicker magnets for the injection of H^- into the US Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. There are two reasons for using ceramic chambers in kickers: (1) to avoid shielding of a fast-changing external magnetic field by metallic chamber walls; and (2) to reduce heating due to eddy currents. The inner surfaces of the ceramic chambers will be coated with a conductive layer, possibly titanium (Ti) or copper with a titanium nitride (TiN) overlayer, to reduce the beam coupling impedance and provide passage for beam image current. This paper describes the development of sputtering method for the 0.83m long 16cm inner diameter ceramic chambers. Coatings of Ti, Cu and TiN with thicknesses up to 10 microm were produced by means of DC magnetron sputtering. The difficulty of coating insulators was overcome with the introduction of an anode screen. Films with good adhesion, uniform longitudinal thickness, and conductivity were produced

[en] In this study, intermetallic TiAl and steel are diffusion bonded successfully by using composite barrier layers of titanium/vanadium/copper. The relationship of the bond parameters and tensile strength of the joints is discussed, and the optimum bond parameters were obtained. The reaction products and the interface structures of the joints were investigated by SEM, EPMA, and XRD. In this case, a dual phase Ti₃Al+TiAl layer and a Ti solid solution, which enhances the strength of the joint, are obtained at the TiAl/Ti interface. A formation mechanism at the interface of TiAl/Ti was proposed. The whole reaction process can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, Ti (Al_ss) layer is formed at the interface TiAl/titanium. In the second stage, the continuous diffusion of Al atoms from TiAl to titanium leads to the formation of Ti₃Al, a TiAl+Ti₃Al layer is formed adjacent to TiAl. In the last stage, the thickness of each reaction layer increases with bonding time according to a parabolic law. The interface of TiAl/titanium/vanadium/copper/steel was free from intermetallic compounds and other brittle phases, and the strength of the joint was as high as 420 MPa, very close to that of the TiAl base. This method provides a reliable bonding method of intermetallic TiAl and steel

[en] The inner surfaces of the 248 m Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring vacuum chambers are coated with ∼100nm of titanium nitride (TiN) to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) of the chamber walls. There are approximately 135 chambers and kicker modules, some up to 5m in length and 36cm in diameter, coated with TiN. The coating is deposited by means of reactive DC magnetron sputtering -using a - cylindrical cathode with internal permanent magnets. This cathode configuration generates a deposition-rate sufficient to meet the required production schedule and produces stoichiometric films with good adhesion, low SEY and acceptable outgassing. Moreover, the cathode magnet configuration allows for simple changes in length and has been adapted to coat the wide variety of chambers and components contained within the arcs, injection, extraction, collimation and RF straight sections. Chamber types and quantities as well as the cathode configurations are presented herein. The unique coating requirements of the injection kicker ceramic chambers and the extraction kicker ferrite surface will be emphasized. A brief summary of the salient coating properties is given including the interdependence of SEY as a function of surface roughness and its effect on outgassing

[en] Diffusion bonding of TiAl-based alloy to steel was carried out at 850-1100 deg. C for 1-60 min under a pressure of 5-40 MPa in this paper. The relationship of the bond parameters and tensile strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum bond parameters were obtained. When products are diffusion-bonded, the optimum bond parameters are as follows: bonding temperature is 930-960 deg. C, bonding pressure is 20-25 MPa, bonding time is 5-6 min. The maximum tensile strength of the joint is 170-185 MPa. The reaction products and the interface structures of the joints were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the diffusion bonding of TiAl-based alloy to steel, namely Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂ intermetallic compounds formed close to the TiAl-based alloy. A decarbonised layer formed close to the steel and a face-centered cubic TiC formed in the middle. The interface structure of diffusion-bonded TiAl/steel joints is TiAl/Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂/TiC/decarbonised layer/steel, and this structure will not change with bond time once it forms. The formation of the intermetallic compounds results in the embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The thickness of each reaction layer increases with bonding time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K₀ of the reacting layer Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂+TiC in the diffusion-bonded joints of TiAl base alloy to steel are 203 kJ/mol and 6.07 mm²/s, respectively. Careful control of the growth of the reacting layer Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂+TiC can influence the final joint strength

[en] As RHIC beam intensity increases beyond original scope, pressure rises have been observed in some regions. The luminosity limiting pressure rises are associated with electron multi-pacting, electron stimulated desorption and beam induced desorption. Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated beamtubes have been proven effective to suppress pressure rise in synchrotron radiation facilities. Standard beamtubes have been NEG coated by a vendor and added to many RHIC UHV regions. BNL is developing a cylindrical magnetron sputtering system to NEG coat special beryllium beamtubes installed in RHIC experimental regions, It features a hollow, liquid cooled cathode producing power density of 500 W/m and deposition rate of 5000 Angstrom/hr on 7.5cm OD beamtube. The cathode, a titanium tube partially covered with zirconium and vanadium ribbons, is oriented for horizontal coating of 4m long chambers. Ribbons and magnets are arranged to provide uniform sputtering distribution and deposited NEG composition. Vacuum performance of NEG coated tubes was measured. Coating was analyzed with energy dispersion spectroscopy, auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. System design, development, and analysis results are presented

[en] BNL is responsible for the design and construction of the US Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. Titanium Nitride (TiN) coating on the stainless steel vacuum chamber of the SNS accumulator ring is needed to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) and the undesirable resonant multiplication of electrons. The total SEY of TiN coated stainless steel material has been measured after coating samples were exposed to air and after electron and ion bombardment. We report here about TiN coating system setup at BNL and SEY measurements results at CERN, SLAC and KEK. We also present some simulation results of SNS accumulator ring electron-cloud effects using different SEY values