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[en] Theoretical aspects of the planning and construction of power plants are given. The time dependence of certain effects (temperature, wind, shockwaves, aircraft, crashes, earthquakes) on special structures such as stacks cooling towers or nuclear reactor containments is summarized. Among the problems outlined the relationship between the structure and the environment is emphasized. Various problem areas, e.g. structure stability and dynamics, interaction between structure and equipment, are listed and briefly commented
Journal
Bauplanung, Bautechnik; ISSN 0005-6758; 
; v. 38(2); p. 59-63
; v. 38(2); p. 59-63
[en] The applicability of floor spectra for designing components of nuclear power plants taking into account seismic effects is discussed. Methods for the determination of seismic floor excitation and various kinds of floor spectra are presented. As an example the floor spectra method is applied to containment buildings
Journal
Bauplanung, Bautechnik; ISSN 0005-6758; ; v. 38(4); p. 170-173
; v. 38(4); p. 170-173
[en] Tanks for the storage of hazardous liquids embody a considerable risk potential. This applies to liquefied gas and mineral oil tanks as well as to tanks in which radioactive liquids are stored. For such structures it may become necessary to take account of exceptional loads and actions due to earthquake, the impact of colliding solid objects, or pressure shock waves. Qualitative and quantitative information on the behaviour of tanks under extreme dynamic actions is given, enabling the geometric and material properties of these structures and the distribution of the dynamic actions in space and time to be assessed. For estimating the effects of earthquake the results of the principal methods of calculation (response spectrum and time history analysis respectively) are compared and evaluated. Dynamic load factors for collision impact effects are determined and different pulse sequence patterns for pressure shock waves are examined. (orig.)
[de]
Behaelter zur Einlagerung von gefaehrlichen Fluessigkeiten verkoerpern ein grosses Risikopotential. Dies gilt fuer Fluessiggas- und Mineraloelbehaelter ebenso wie fuer Behaelter zur Speicherung radioaktiver Fluessigkeiten. Fuer solche Behaelter kann es erforderlich werden, aussergewoehnliche Einwirkungen zu beruecksichtigen. Solche Einwirkungen koennen aus Erdbeben, aus dem Aufprall von Festkoerpern oder auch aus Druckwellen resultieren. Es werden qualitative und quantitative Aussagen zum Verhalten von Behaeltern unter extremen dynamischen Einwirkungen gemacht, die eine Beurteilung des Einflusses geometrisch-stofflicher Eigenschaften der Behaelterbauwerke und raeumlich-zeitlicher Verteilung der dynamischen Einwirkungen ermoeglichen. Fuer die Erfassung von Erdbebenwirkungen werden Berechnungsergebnisse der wichtigsten Berechnungsverfahren (Response-Spektrum bzw. Time-History) gegenuebergestellt und bewertet. Fuer Prallstosseinwirkungen werden dynamische Lastfaktoren ermittelt, und fuer die Druckwelleneinwirkung werden unterschiedliche Impulsverlaeufe verfolgt. (orig.)Journal
Beton- und Stahlbetonbau; ISSN 0005-9900; ; v. 80(5); p. 123-128
; v. 80(5); p. 123-128
[en] The paper deals with problems and peculiarities which are to be taken into account in the seismic design of structures considering the impact of subsoil condition. The described problems concern the soil-dependent energy transfer from baserock to free-field level and the energy interaction between soil and structure in the coupling zone. Survey of the different procedures and parameters of influence for the description of seismic input data is given. The excitation parameters introduced in the practical calculations are typical for Central Europe. (orig./HP)
[de]
Es wird auf Probleme und Besonderheiten eingegangen, die bei der Erdbebenauslegung von Bauwerken unter Beruecksichtigung der Bodenbedingungen zu beruecksichtigen sind. Sie betreffen die vom Bodenprofil abhaengige Veraenderung der seismischen Energie vom felsigen Grundgebirge zum Freifeld und die Interaktionseffekte im Kopplungsbereich von Bauwerk und Boden. Es wird eine Uebersicht zu den prinzipiellen Vorgehensweisen und Einflussparametern bei der Beschreibung der seismischen Erregung gegeben. Die zugrunde gelegten seismischen Einwirkungen repraesentieren die seismischen Besonderheiten Mitteleuropas. (orig./HP)Journal
[en] In the design and analysis of structures with a high potential of risk like nuclear power plant buildings, special considerations are necessary concerning the description of site conditions and expected earthquake motions. For Central Europe only a small number of earthquake records is available and difficulties arise in defining representative response spectra. Based on spectra from seismic events in the area of Schwaebische Alb FRG characteristics of frequency content and spectral amplitudes are discussed. Current concepts and design spectra for the analysis of nuclear power plant structures, following codes or guidelines in France, Japan and the U.S.A., are compared. The presented results underline that for the specific conditions of Central Europe spectra can be adapted using procedures described in the paper. Conclusions are made involving discussed differences in the amplitudes of the design spectra. (author)
Journal
[en] The paper gives an state-of-the-art report about the international design practice and submits fundamentals for a systematic approach to the solution of that problem. Different criteria of regularity are presented and discussed with respect to EUROCODE Nr. 8. Still remaining questions and the main topics of future research activities are announced and come into consideration. Frame structures with or without additional stiffening wall elements are investigated to illustrate the qualitative differences of the vibrational properties and the earthquake response of regular and irregular systems. (orig./HP)
[de]
Es wird ein Ueberblick zum internationalen Stand gegeben und Grundlagen zur systematischen Behandlung des Problems werden bereitgestellt. Unterschiedliche Regularitaetskriterien werden abgeleitet und ihre aktuelle Einbeziehung in den EUROCODE 8 diskutiert. Auf offene Fragen und die Schwerpunkte kuenftiger Forschungsarbeit wird hingewiesen. Qualitative Unterschiede des Schwingungs- und Antwortverhaltens von regulaeren und irregulaeren Systemen werden an Rahmentragwerken mit oder ohne Wandscheibenstabilisierung veranschaulicht. (orig./HP)Journal
[en] Boron steel from an irradiated control rod was investigated in order to determine the residual lifetime of the control rods of the reactor WWER-2 of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant. No critical property changes could be observed by metallographic and density tests after an average 10B burnup of about 20%. The bend-fracture tests showed the expected reduction of the already generally low plasticity of this material. Special care was taken of effects visible after annealing at 800 0C of the irradiated material followed by hardness tests. The results confirm that, due to the residual 10B reserve in the control rods, the materials state of the boron steel allows further operation of the existing control rod inventory of the WWER-2 reactor. (author)
Journal
Kernenergie (Berlin); ISSN 0023-0642; ; v. 27(6); p. 243-246
; v. 27(6); p. 243-246
[en] Specimens of reactor pressure vessel steel 15Kh2MFA have been neutron irradiated in the Rossendorf research reactor up to neutron fluences of 1.4 x 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1 MeV) at temperatures between 92 and 156 0C. Strength and deformation parameters obtained from tensile test measurements clearly indicate the effect of neutron embrittlement and radiation hardening. Correlations could be found between the nondestructively measured properties hardness, coercive force and positron annihilation parameter S and yield strength as well as ultimate tensile strength. By thermal annealing of irradiated specimens it was impossible to reach the non-irradiated state of the steel, characterized by positron annihilation parameter S and hardness. (author)
Journal
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