[en] Macroaggregat albumin has been successfully labelled with technetium-99m to fulfill lungs visualization purposes. Human lung may be scanned immediately after intravenous injection of 20-90 um size of radioalbumin aggregates because they are temporarily trapped in the lung capillaries. Biodistribution studies in rats have demonstrated the feasibility, and wide margin of safety for performing human scans with this test material. Clinical trial were initiated in patients with normal and abnormal lungs. Results indicated the lung scan itself has diagnostic value. (athors). 7 refs.; 2 tabs.; 4 figs

[en] Macroaggregated RIHSA(¹³¹I) is used for lung scintigraphy. The compound is prepared by denaturation of iodinated human serum albumin ¹³¹I, or by iodination of previously prepared particles from human serum albumin. The diameter of the particles within the range of 10 to 70 microns. Smaller particles made the visualization of the liver and greater than 100 μ could cause embolism and dangerous for the patient. The proportion of unbound iodine-131 is limited below 3-4% of the total activity. (author)

[en] Nuclear technique for diagnosis has been applied to check the function of some organs, to visualise organs, and to determine substances found in biological liquid. Radioisotope application in medical field are mainly used in in vitro test and in vivo diagnosis. Diagnosis by nuclear technique is also meant to safe patients from radiation hazards. The risks of radiation hazards is liable to happen to frequent radiological test. (RUW)

[en] Investigation has been carried out to observe the distributon of Na99mTcO4 and 99mTc-sulphur colloid preparation given orally. A dose of 500uCi/500 ul of Na99mTcO4 or 99Tc-sulphur colloid preparation, either by it self or mixed with egg-yolk, are given orally to fasting and non fasting wistar rats. The scanning of the gastointestinal tract was carried out by using animal rectilinear scanner within 15-180 minutes after administration. the gastrointestinal investigation on rats, which have been acetosal orraly prior to 99mTc-sulphur-colloid administration were expected to reveal some information wether this preparation could be used to distinguish normal from wounded gastrointestinal tract. The result indicates that 99mTc-sulphur-colloid preparation is better than Na99mTcO4 for gastrointestinal imaging purpose. Activity accumulation of 99mTc sulphur colloid was 26.94% in the intestin and 27.70 in the stomach for rat without acetosal, and 42.2% and 57.5% respectively for rat with acetosal. (authors). 7 refs.; 1 tab.; 5 figs

[en] The determination of raubasine by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. Quantitation was achieved by mass spectrometry with a multiple ion detector and deuteriom labeled as an internal standard./ detector and deuterium labeled as an internal standard. The method permits the determination of raubasine at levels as low as 5 ng per ml plasma. (author)

[en] Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been known as the oil containing medium chain saturated fatty acids and beneficial to counteract and cure various diseases. However, scientific disclosures relating to dynamic and its kinetic studies in the body are still very rare in the literature. One method that can explain this phenomenon is the pharmacological assessment using radionuclide labeled compounds. This paper describes the preparation of ¹³¹I-VCO and its characterization. The labeling was carried out by direct and indirect method, while the purification was done by solvent extraction using chloroform. Determination of radiochemical purity was performed by the method of ascending paper chromatography using Whatman-1 as stationary phase and 0.02 N solution of ammonium citrate at pH 9 as mobile phase. The results obtained show that the VCO can be labeled by radioiodine-131 through the indirect method with a yield of labeling of 75.7 ± 19.3%, radiochemical purity level of 95.9 ± 2.6%, and the radioactive concentration of 57 mCi/mL. In absolute ethanol at cold temperature (4°C), ¹³¹I-VCO was stable for 4 days with a radiochemical purity level was still above 90%, but decreased significantly after being stored eight days with purity level below 20%. Hopefully with the success of ¹³¹I-VCO labeling and its character, the pharmacological parameters can be studied more carefully, so that the use of VCO for both preventive and therapeutic purposes has a scientific foundation. (author)

[en] The synthesis of hydroxy ethyliden disodium phosphonate (HEDSPA) from glacial acetic acid, phosphorus trichloride and sodium hydroxide as raw materials has been carried out. The yield with several replications ranges between 61-66%. Labelling of HEDSPA with ^99mTc radionuclide was carried out using SnCl₂ solution as a reductor. Maximum labelling efficiency was 98%. Radiolabelled ^99mTc-HEDSPA has been used for bone scanning. Radiochemical purity of radiolabelled compound was determined by paper chromatography using methanol 85% as eluent. The stability of HEDSPA dried kit was determined during three weeks by analyzing the radiochemical purity. HEDSPA dried kit was most stable when stored at ±4⁰C, and the radiochemical purity was more than 95% after three-weeks of storage. (author)

[en] An experiment has been done to assess the optimum condition necessary for obtaining a maximum yield in the production of L-thyroxine ¹³¹I. The following factors : pH, carrier iodide and mole ratio of L-thyroxine to Chloramine-T are considered important. Physical and chemical tests of the final product were performed according to the established quality control procedures. (author)

[en] In line with the condition of climate and hydrology, Indonesia has a fast amount of aquifers which are sources of ground water. In several areas large number of springs occurred with small to large debits which is a sign of ground water potential. Ground water is a potential reservoir to be use at maximum for several purposes such as drinking water, industry and tourism. Large cities such as Jakarta, Bandung and others depend on ground water for their industries and hotels. The exploitation of ground water use has to be controlled and monitoring of a management system have to be done. Research carried out only on the exploitation of geophysics and hydrology showed that the amount of ground water reservoirs is not enough to be used when it comes to justification to explore it. Other parameters are still be needed which are the origins and dating of the ground water, these last two factors mentioned have to be taken into consideration in the system of conversion and balance of water. An alternative technology to determine the two factors mentioned in a short time is the natural isotope technique of "1"8O, "2H and "1"4C. This technique is used to determine the origin of water, and isotope "1"4C is carried out to determine the age of ground water. Isotopes "1"8H and "2H are stable isotopes in the form of water and is integrated in the hydrological cycle. Their specific concentrations in rain water at several elevations are used as fingerprints to locate the area of ground water supplement and its origin. Isotope "1"4C is a natural radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5.730 years and is found in the hydrology cycle and enters the ground water system through CO_2 gas which is dissolved in water. "1"4C isotope could determine the age of ground water and is also able to indicate the potential/amount of ground water. Studies of exploration and exploration monitoring of ground water should be an integrated study by geohydrology, geophysics and isotope and could be a solution of the management of sustainable environmental ground water use. Integrated studies as mentioned above have been done for ground water in Jakarta, Bandung and other areas and has significantly contributed to the management of a aquifer system. (author)

[en] This paper discusses the application of safety, security and safeguards (3S) on the Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) to minimize proliferation and security risks of the nuclear facility. The main objectives of this study are to investigate current solving practices in RTP against international requirements and standards, to reduce accident risks and to promote a reliable nuclear safety standard in Malaysia. The offset objective is to increase knowledge on 3S compliance towards the development of the Malaysian first nuclear power plant. (author)