[en] Seven cases of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions involving the urinary bladder and perivesical tissues are presented. Each of the described lesions may have nonspecific angiographic appearances and hence angiography does not permit a specific diagnosis to be made. The primary object of performing angiography is to localize the lesion and identify the vascular supply. (Auth.)

[en] External supervoltage radiation is now an accepted form of treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate but the tumor response cannot be predicted. We hope in the future that accurate clinical staging coupled with a biological staging of the tumor cells with catalase activity will enable us to predict this response. Ionizing radiations act by producing active radicals, hence the rationale of studying the tissue catalase activity in conjunction with the histological grading may provide a more accurate index of patients who would gain the most benefit from radiotherapy

[en] 172 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital are reviewed. Failure rates are examined by stage, demonstrating a high percentage of local recurrences in patients with late stage disease treated by a traditional regime of radiotherapy. Reasons for these failures are explored and a proposal for a more individualized approach to therapy is made

[en] Two types of assay systems to measure the effect of radiation on immune competence are described. The first, transformation, is measured by blast formation or uptake and incorporation of tritiated thymidine by lymphocytes. This measure is affected by a number of known cell responses to radiation such as division delay and delay in DNA synthesis. The second, called Bactec, is designed to measure lymphocyte metabolic activity. Data gathered on 37 patients with lung cancer show that the Bactec system provides a better index of the patient's immune status before and after radiation therapy

[en] Radiation is increasingly important in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. The effect and mechanism of action of radiation on prostatic growth was studied using the ventral prostate of the testosterone-treated rat. Prostatic radiation blocked testosterone-stimulated prostatic growth. Electron microscopy showed this inhibition to be associated with spdcific morphologic alterations. While radiation caused profound inhibition of prostatic DNA synthesis, only modest effects on nuclear uptake of dihydrotestosterone and on prostatic 5α-reductase were observed. Based on these animal studies, it is concluded that a major mechanism whereby radiation blocks testosterone-stimulated prostatic growth operates through inhibition of DNA synthesis

[en] Landfill leachates are potential threats for environmental degradation. This study was conducted to determine the leachate quality, to identify the dominant pollutants and to evaluate the leachate pollution potential of an active and closed dumping ground of an uncontrolled municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill site in Kolkata, India using leachate pollution index. The results of the physico-chemical and biological analyses of leachate indicated that landfill site was in its methanogenic phase. Among the analysed leachate pollutants, TDS, BOD5, COD, TKN, NH3-N, Cl¯ , TCB, Pb, and Hg surpassed the leachate discharge standards for inland surface water as specified by the municipal solid waste (management and handling) rules, 2013 for both the dumping grounds. Moreover the concentrations of total Cr and Zn also exceeded the leachate disposal standards for the active dumping ground. The leachate pollution potentialities of both the active and closed dumping grounds were comparable as the overall LPI obtained 34.02 and 31.80 respectively. The overall LPI, LPI organic (LPIor), LPI inorganic (LPIin) and LPI heavy metals (LPIhm) of both the dumping grounds largely exceeded the LPI and sub-LPI values for treated leachate before disposal to the inland surface water. In terms of the individual pollution rating, total coliform bacteria, TKN, NH3-N and Hg were identified as the dominant pollutants and major contributing factors for the leachate pollution potential.