[en] The semiclassical QCD-Lagrangian yields the correct limits of confinement and asymptotic freedom in contrast to the classical limit. The applicability of the method to nuclear physics is discussed in comparison to other QCD-approximations

[en] Computer programs are presented to analyze PDMS-spectra and to simulate the fragmentation of molecules in PDMS (Plasma-Desorption Mass Spectrometry), even of those with high masses. (orig.)

[en] Fast heavy-ion bombardment on solids in which a ''free-electron''-limit for high excitations exists, generates plasma oscillations with very large amplitudes, as found in no other process. This should uniquely enable the observation of their coupling with other degrees of freedom such as phonons. The frequency spectrum of phonons excited by second-order coupling with plasmons and the respective energy loss to the lattice are calculated, using a simple two-fluid-model and the Lagrangian formalism as appropriate for high coherent excitations. (author)

[en] Increasing the density by chrunching the matter, the kinetic energy of the particles will rise due to the uncertainty principle, (or zeropoint oscillations). The system will first change into a liquid-type phase, until finally the kinetic energy exceeds the potential energy leading to an unbound system or gas. Hence, we expect that for extremely high densities the systems will turn into a gas-type phase unless a change of the composition increases the entropy. (orig./AH)

[en] The importance of theoretical studies of nuclei for stability in checking and improving mass formulae is discussed. Several tests for existing mass formulae or systematics are considered. It is believed that most of the shortcomings found are due to shell effects not included in the formulae

[en] In the scalar soliton model of QCD the gluon field operators are replaced by a classical selfcoupling scalar field with solitontype interaction. The quark wave-functions and the soliton field are calculated for the free nucleon as compared to a nucleon inside nuclear matter approximated by averaged boundary conditions to simulate the surrounding nucleons. The mass of the nucleon as well as its mean effective radius are given in terms of the nuclear-matter density and the model parameters. For large quark-soliton coupling the EMC-effect is seen, and then at high densities a plasma of free quarks and free localized solitons is the lowest energy solution. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] A new semiempirical atomic mass formula is presented. Special emphasis has been put on a theoretical basis for the microscopic (shell-correction) part, which is added to the macroscopic droplet-model expression. The latter includes the response to the surface diffuseness. The shell function, which is simple and analytic, is derived by bunching the average single-particle spectrum of nuclei with correct size according to the magic numbers. Shell effects from the inner shells are taken care of. In addition, ideas of changing magicities along neutron (proton) magic isotone (isotope) chains, and of damping of the off-Fermi-energy-shell contributions are introduced. These may be important for reliable extrapolations to very neutron-rich (or neutron-deficient) regions of the nuclear chart. The final mass formula is a fairly simple analytic expression. In the preliminary fit with 50 free parameters presented, 1312 experimentally known atomic masses are reproduced with a rms error, [Σ¹³¹²(M/sup exp/-M/sup cal)²/(1312-50)]/sup ¹/₂/ of 670 keV. Comparisons with experimental data are presented in figures for the isobaric mass parabolas, masses, radii, and quadrupole moments. Atomic mass predictions for some 8000 nuclei with Z = 3 to 114 and N = 3 to 184, with S/sub n/ (or S/sub 2n/) greater than 0 and with S/sub p/ greater than -2 MeV are presented in the main table of this issue

[en] After a short discussion of the properties of matter in its energy ground state at high densities, hot nuclei and their nuclear transfer reactions in the early stage of a neutron star, the disintegration of Fe nuclei in the hydrodynamical supernova model and hot nucleonic systems are considered. (BJ)

[en] A new shell correction term is constructed for the droplet semi-empirical mass formula. From Woods-Saxon potentials is obtained the structure of the (N,Z) dependence of the magic gaps of the spectrum. The shell correction term is then derived from the analytic Fermi gas level density by bunching it according to information obtained from the Woods-Saxon calculation