[en] The work authorizes the astronauts' radiation protection problems during the Mars mission to Mars as a challenge for radiation research and radiation protection. They point to the nanoscience of the development of new ways of biological shadowing and the creation of semiconductor microelectronic elements with high resilience and reliability. Such technology requirements arise not only in relation to space research. Similar tasks are also addressed in relation to work with radioactive materials, for example, when deploying robots to deal with the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster. (authors)

[en] The work authorizes the astronauts' radiation protection problems during the Mars mission to Mars as a challenge for radiation research and radiation protection. They point to the nanoscience of the development of new ways of biological shadowing and the creation of semiconductor microelectronic elements with high resilience and reliability. Such technology requirements arise not only in relation to space research. Similar tasks are also addressed in relation to work with radioactive materials, for example, when deploying robots to deal with the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster. (authors)

[en] A survey is presented of the efforts made since 1962 to construct a training nuclear reactor in Slovakia. Currently, the installing is considered in Slovakia of the SUR-100 reactor from Karlsruhe, Germany. A description is given of this reactor, as are its parameters and instrumentation. This reactor offers opportunities for performing neutron activation analysis, metrology of mixed n-gamma fields, neutron spectroscopic measurements, neutron and gamma dosemeter and spectrometer testing, investigation of the effects of radiation on biological materials, and the development of instrumentation for nuclear applications. (J.B.)

[en] In this paper author describes the principle of the residual stress measurements on the experimental IBR-2 nuclear reactor using of neutron diffractometer with high resolution. Characteristics of the IBR-2 reactor and basic parameters of the neutron diffractometer as well as characteristics of some neutron diffractometers with high resolution are described. Method of determination of residual stress in steels and obtained results are included

[en] In September 2011 Slovak Nuclear Society organized a training expedition to the protection zone of the wrecked Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Presented are some results of our expert expedition into the protection zone and the current radiation and radioecological situation in the protection zone.

[en] A technical description of the system and its safety analyses are presented, and its potential in educational and scientific applications is outlined. The Siemens SUR-100 critical assembly is a nuclear facility with a fixed homogeneous core and a power output of 100 MW_th. Enriched uranium, containing 20% of uranium 235 in the form of U₃O₈ powder, serves as the fuel, whereas polyethylene is the moderator. In none of the admissible (or possible) operation modes poses the critical assembly any hazard to its environment. Even the theoretically considered maximum design basis accident would be confined to the room where the critical assembly is operated. In addition to educational uses, the critical assembly provides sufficiently intense reactor radiation suitable for the calibration of detectors in a mixed neutron-gamma field. (Z.S.). 1 tab., 5 figs., 6 refs

[en] The reactor shaft is exposed to radiation during its lifetime. Concrete structures are among the components with a long-term service life that exceeds the planned period of operation. Today we are talking about the long-term operation of the nuclear unit, which is set for 60 years, and therefore it is necessary to demonstrate the satisfactory characteristics of the structural elements even beyond the design life. The service life of concrete structures depends on the correct design, the quality of the concrete works, the workload and the environmental conditions. Irradiation is one of the many factors that are considered when evaluating the durability of concrete. A detailed MCNP model of the reactor and surrounding structural elements allowed the authors to calculate the expected neutron fluence values at the end of the long-term operation of the unit. From the available sources, the authors evaluated the processes caused by radiation in concrete and mainly the changes in strength parameters depending on the radiation. The neutron fluence value of 10¹⁹ cm^-2 is considered to be the limit level of irradiation, when the degradation processes in concrete start to manifest themselves significantly and the strength parameters drop rapidly. The calculations demonstrated an order-of-magnitude safety margin from the point of view of radiation and, together with other environmental parameters, allowed the authors to positively evaluate other characteristics affecting the life of concrete structures. (authors)

[en] The reactor shaft is exposed to radiation during its lifetime. Concrete structures are among the components with a long-term service life that exceeds the planned period of operation. Today we are talking about the long-term operation of the nuclear unit, which is set for 60 years, and therefore it is necessary to demonstrate the satisfactory characteristics of the structural elements even beyond the design life. The service life of concrete structures depends on the correct design, the quality of the concrete works, the workload and the environmental conditions. Irradiation is one of the many factors that are considered when evaluating the durability of concrete. A detailed MCNP model of the reactor and surrounding structural elements allowed the authors to calculate the expected neutron fluence values at the end of the long-term operation of the unit. From the available sources, the authors evaluated the processes caused by radiation in concrete and mainly the changes in strength parameters depending on the radiation. The neutron fluence value of 10¹⁹ cm^-2 is considered to be the limit level of irradiation, when the degradation processes in concrete start to manifest themselves significantly and the strength parameters drop rapidly. The calculations demonstrated an order-of-magnitude safety margin from the point of view of radiation and, together with other environmental parameters, allowed the authors to positively evaluate other characteristics affecting the life of concrete structures. (authors)

[en] In the area of NPP, one must discriminate between two various modes of gamma analysis of the gamma-ray fields. First is used in scheduled down time reactor phase and second is in full power reactor phase. Spectra of gamma-ray fields are different during both phases. Gamma- ray sources at the down time phase are with energy up to 2 MeV and at the full power phase are up to 10 MeV. Spectrometry measurements by Nal(Tl) scintillation detector have been performed in both operation phases at several chosen points of the NPP. Real dose rate spectra have been calculated from the acquired physical spectra employing Whole Spectrum Processing (WSP) technique (authors)

[en] In the area of NPP, one must discriminate between two various modes of gamma analysis of the gamma-ray fields. First is used in scheduled down time reactor phase and second is in full power reactor phase. Spectra of gamma-ray fields are different during both phases. Gamma- ray sources at the down time phase are with energy up to 2 MeV and at the full power phase are up to 10 MeV. Spectrometry measurements by Nal(Tl) scintillation detector have been performed in both operation phases at several chosen points of the NPP. Real dose rate spectra have been calculated from the acquired physical spectra employing Whole Spectrum Processing (WSP) technique (authors)