[en] This paper presents a tooth shape optimization method based on a generic algorithm to reduce the torque ripple of brushless permanent magnet motors under two different magnetization directions. The analysis of this design method mainly focuses on magnetic saturation and cogging torque and the computation of the optimization process is based on an equivalent magnetic network circuit. The simulation results, obtained from the finite element analysis, are used to confirm the accuracy and performance. Finite element analysis results from different tooth shapes are compared to show the effectiveness of the proposed method

[en] We propose a measurement scheme of generalized Bell states in which, although entanglement is destroyed, the nonlocality feature can be preserved and swapped. Here we consider two quantum systems: one consisting of two-party three-level maximal entangled pairs; the other being three-party two-level maximal entangled pairs. It is found that these local immeasurable states can be prepared without any classical communication and local operation. Moreover, nonmaximal entangled states cannot preserve nonlocality

[en] We investigate a family of mixed entangled states wherein there exist common stabilizers among the mixtures of the corresponding density matrix. The nonlocality of these mixed entangled states can be verified by the maximal violation of stabilizer-based Bell-type inequalities. Some of these states with specific probability distributions are bound entangled, which can be superactivated. Potential applications of these mixed states in quantum key distribution and quantum repeaters are also introduced

[en] We investigate the Bell-type inequalities of graph states. In this paper, Bell-type inequalities can be derived based on two kinds of the associated subgraphs of the graph states. First, the star subgraphs lead to the maximal violation of the modified Seevinck-Svetlichny inequalities. Second, cycle subgraphs lead to maximal violation of Bell-type inequalities. As a result, once the associated graph of a graph state is given, the corresponding Bell operators can be immediatedly determined using stabilizing generators. In the above Bell-type inequalities, two measurement settings for each party are required

[en] In this paper, we investigate multipartite unlockable stabilized bound entanglement. First, the mathematical structure of these stabilized bound entangled states is studied. Second, since stabilizer states are the local equivalent to the graph states, we study such stabilized mixed states in the graph-state formalism. As a result, the unlockable stabilized bound entangled states can be graphically depicted and decomposed in the product form. Some examples are discussed.

[en] In this study, nanoparticle emission of TiO₂ nanopowder coated on different substrates including wood, polymer, and tile, was evaluated in a simulation box and measured with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) for the first time. The coating process for the substrate followed the instructions given by the supply company. In the simulation box, UV light, a fan, and a rubber knife were used to simulate the sun light, wind, and human contacting conditions. Among the three selected substrates, tile coated with TiO₂ nanopowder was found to have the highest particle emission (22 cm³ at 55 nm) due to nanopowder separation during the simulation process. The UV light was shown to increase the release of particle below 200 nm from TiO₂ nanopowder coating materials. The results show that, under the conditions of UV lamps, a fan and scraping motion, particle number concentration or average emission rate decreases significantly after 60 and 90 min for TiO₂/polymer and TiO₂/wood, respectively. However, the emission rate continued to increase after 2 h of testing for TiO₂/tile. It is suggested that nanoparticle emission evaluation is necessary for products with nanopowder coating

[en] This study proposes quantum secret sharing protocols using product states. The first two protocols adopt the quantum key distribution protocol using product states [Guo et al.Phys. Rev. A 64, 042301 (2001)]. In these two protocols, the sender does not reveal any information about the qutrits until confirming that each receiver has received a qutrit. This study also considers the security and some possible eavesdropping strategies. In the third proposed protocol, three-level Bell states are exploited for qutrit preparation via nonlocality swapping

[en] We propose schemes to perform the deterministic dense coding and faithful teleportation with multipartite graph states. We also find the sufficient and necessary condition of a viable graph state for the proposed schemes. That is, for the associated graph, the reduced adjacency matrix of the Tanner-type subgraph between senders and receivers should be invertible.

[en] Quantum coherent transport through a multiply-connected network is investigated by the free-electron network model (FENM). Within this model, we study π-conjugated molecules such as benzenedithiol (BDT) in order to understand the influence of nontrivial topological structures on the transport behavior. The analytical solutions for transmission functions and I-V characteristics of the simplest networked conjugated molecules are derived. Moreover, quantum effects such as resonance and interference are clearly revealed in this approach. We have also compared our FENM approach with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method within tight-binding calculation

[en] In this first paper in the SUPER GOODS series on powerfully star-forming galaxies in the two GOODS fields, we present a deep SCUBA-2 survey of the GOODS-N at both 850 and 450 μm (central rms noise of 0.28 mJy and 2.6 mJy, respectively). In the central region, the 850 μm observations cover the GOODS-N to near the confusion limit of ∼1.65 mJy, while over a wider 450 arcmin² region—well complemented by Herschel far-infrared imaging—they have a median $4\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$ limit of 3.5 mJy. We present $⩾<!--\; ???\; -->4\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$ catalogs of 186 850 μm and 31 450 μm selected sources. We use interferometric observations from the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to obtain precise positions for 114 SCUBA-2 sources (28 from the SMA, all of which are also VLA sources). We present new spectroscopic redshifts and include all existing spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. We also compare redshifts estimated using the 20 cm/850 μm and the 250 cm/850 μm flux ratios. We show that the redshift distribution increases with increasing flux, and we parameterize the dependence. We compute the star formation history and the star formation rate (SFR) density distribution functions in various redshift intervals, finding that they reach a peak at $z=2\text{--}3$ before dropping to higher redshifts. We show that the number density per unit volume of $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{R}\gtrsim <!--\; ???\; -->500M_{\odot <!--\; ???\; -->}{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{r}}^{-<!--\; ???\; -->1}$ galaxies measured from the SCUBA-2 sample does not change much relative to that of lower SFR galaxies from UV selected samples over $z=2\text{--}5$, suggesting that, apart from changes in the normalization, the shape in the number density as a function of SFR is invariant over this redshift interval.