[en] We present a study of the entanglement of formation for one-dimensional magnetic systems with defects. The concurrence was used as a measure of entanglement. Rather than locating the impurity at one site in the chain, there is a Gaussian distribution of disorder near a particular location. We demonstrate that the entanglement can be tuned by varying the strength of the external magnetic field and the distribution of impurities. The concurrence is a maximum close to the critical point, where a quantum phase transition occurs, and for certain parameters can be tuned to zero above the critical point

[en] Numerical model is established based on mass, momentum, energy and composition equations by the analysis of liquid film and steam-air boundary layer. The influence of air on condensation heat transfer and the effect of interfacial shear stress and suction have been simulated. Calculated results are compared with Kuhn's experimental results and the agreement is satisfactory. Thus the model is validated. (author)

[en] A high power efficient dye laser pumped by a copper vapor laser was developed with longitudinally pumped geometry and using a jet stream. An average output power of 0.86 W for the Rh6G dye was obtained with an efficiency of 31%. (author)

[en] In order to reduce the field construction workload of stainless liner and effectively shorten the construction period of the entire project, shop pre-fabrication (per blocks, sections) and field assembly method is adopted in the construction of stainless steel liner, which effectively shorten the necessary operation time in the critical path of the entire civil project construction, and speed up the construction progress of the critical path. The priority assembly construction method of stainless steel liner can be further spread out. (author)

[en] This paper presents a new concept of the controllable premixed combustion (CPC) for an internal combustion engine fueled with dimethyl ether (DME). The CPC system is composed of an electronic control low pressure injection system, a premix chamber and a main chamber. Between the two chambers, a control valve is set. DME is entirely injected into the premix chamber at the end of the intake stroke after the control valve closed. Then, a homogeneous mixture is formed with the residual gas of the last cycle in the premix chamber. Ignition takes place in the premix chamber after the control valve was opened before TDC, and then, the high pressure and high temperature gas rushes into the main combustion chamber. A test bench was constructed based on a single Diesel engine, and the electronic control low pressure injection system was developed. Preliminary studies demonstrated that ultra-low NO_x emissions had been realized without smoke emission. NO_x emissions are less than one tenth of those of the base direct injection Diesel engine fueled with DME

[en] Highlights: • Fuel physical effects on the split injection strategies are numerically studied. • The injection mass and pressure propagation at the injector inlet are investigated. • Effects of each individual fuel physical property are isolated. • Effects of fuel density and bulk modulus of compressibility are more pronounced. • Injection dwell time is a crucial parameter influencing the main injection event. - Abstract: As biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, the changed fuel physical properties are found to have influences on the injection characteristics. In this study, a one-dimensional hydraulic model was established to identify the isolated effect of fuel density, viscosity and bulk modulus of compressibility, on the injection mass and pressure propagation waves of a split injection strategy on a common rail injection system. The numerical simulation results indicated that fuel density and bulk modulus of compressibility have more prominent influences on the fuel injection mass and pressure fluctuation characteristics at the injector inlet during the main injection event, while fuel viscosity effects are modest. In addition, injection dwell time between the pilot and main injection is also a crucial parameter affecting the injection characteristics of the main injection event, because the lengths of the injection dwell time influence the initial pressures at the start of the main injection stage and the mean pressures of the main injection stage. The change in these pressures finally affects the injection mass in the main injection event. Therefore, specific effects of fuel physical properties on the main injection process are subject to the injection dwell time, i.e. the specific split injection strategy.

[en] The injection and spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline blends are investigated on a common rail injection system. The injection rate, fuel spray evolution process (tip penetration distance, spray cone angle, projected spray area and relative brightness intensity contour) and microscopic droplet features are analyzed. The results show that diesel and gasoline blends have higher volumetric injection rates, earlier starts of injection and shorter injection delays, but little variances are observed in the mass injection rates for different test fuels. Increased gasoline proportion in the test blends causes slightly decreased spray tip penetration distance but increased spray cone angle. Also, more smaller-size droplets are observed in the fuel jet of the diesel and gasoline blends, indicating that the spray breakup and atomization processes are promoted. - Highlights: • Injection rate and spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline blends are studied. • Diesel and gasoline blends have higher volumetric injection rates. • Earlier starts of injection are found when using diesel and gasoline blends. • Diesel and gasoline blends produce shorter spray penetration but higher cone angle. • The number of small droplets increases in the spray of diesel and gasoline blends

[en] Degradation of imidacloprid in dilute aqueous solution irradiated by ⁶⁰Co γ-ray was studied. The samples before and after irradiation were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion chromatography (IC) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The experimental results show that the degradation rate increases gradually with the absorbed dose and reach 100% at the absorbed dose of 1.56 kGy. Imidacloprid irradiation degradation products include four kinds of inorganic ions of Cl^-, NO₂^-, NO^-₃, and NH4⁺ and four kinds of organic products of 2-chloro-5-imidazol-1-ylmethyl-pyridine, 1-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1, 3-dihydro-imidazol-2-ylideneamine, mono-hydroxylated imidacloprid and double-hydroxylated imidacloprid. Oxidative free radicals ·OH could attack C-Cl bond, N-N bond, C=N bond and C-H bond of imidacloprid molecule easily. (authors)

[en] The development of superconducting magnet and superconductor for nuclear fusion in foreign countries is described. Some ideas following the tracts of world advanced techniques in the energy sources of China's '863 Project' are also presented

[en] We study the dynamics of entanglement for a one-dimensional spin system, where spins are coupled through nearest-neighbor exchange interaction and subject to different external magnetic fields. First we examine the system size effect on the entanglement with three different external magnetic fields changing with time t: an exponential function e^[-Kt] and two periodic sin[Kt] and cos[Kt] functions, where K is a control parameter. We have found that the entanglement fluctuates shortly after a disturbance by an external magnetic field when the system size is small. For larger system size, the entanglement reaches a stable state for a long time before it fluctuates. However, this fluctuation of entanglement disappears when the system size goes to infinity. We also show that in a periodic external magnetic field, the nearest-neighbor entanglement displays a periodic structure with a period related to that of the magnetic field. Moreover, changing the direction of the magnetic field will destroy the concurrence in the system