No abstract available

[en] Studies on the effects of gamma radiation on different life stages of Callosobruchus chinensis were carried out in a growth chamber at 30 .+-. 1.degree.C and 70 .+-. 2% R.H. with a 12: 12 hr light and dark cycle. Eggs (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-day-old), larvae (7- and 10-day-old), mature pupae (one day adult eclosion) along with adzuki beans and 1-day-old adults were exposed to gamma radiation from a 60Co source. Complete mortality of the 1-day-old eggs was obtained by exposure to 12 Gy, and a dose of 40 Gy caused 100% mortality of the 7-day-old larvae after 24 hr of exposure. A dose of 640 Gy caused instant kill of the mature pupae and 1-day-old adults. The fecundity and fertility of adults irradiated either as mature pupae or 1-day-old adults decreased with the increase of the dose. Eggs, laid by females which had been exposed and/or had mates which had been exposed as mature pupae to 20 Gy or more, had negligible hatching rates. Complete sterility was obtained at 80 Gy in the 1-day-old adults. The sterilized males irradiated as 1-day-old at 80 gy were capable of competing sexually with untreated ones. The percentage of egg hatch decreased as the ratio of sterile males to normal males increased, becoming less than 10% at the ratios of 9:1 and 15:1

[en] Aluminium single crystals have been implanted with Ca and Ga ions. Energy dependent channeling and backscattering experiments for disorder analysis together with lattice site determination have been performed with ⁴He⁸ ions in the energy range 1.0-3.0 MeV. A high substitutional fraction of 87% and disorder consisting mainly of extended defects (dislocations) has been detected for Ga implanted crystals. For Ca implanted samples local distortions of the Al host lattice and an interstitial distribution of the impurities have been observed. The different kinds of damage correlate with previously observed different changes of the superconducting transition temperature in ion implanted Al layers. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] The effect of pulsed electron beam annealing (PEBA) on the lattice location and impurity distribution of Ga ions implanted into Al single crystals has been compared with the thermal annealing behavior of this ion/target system. While with thermal annealing only slight improvement of the lattice site occupation was observed after PEBA within experimental accuracy, all implanted impurities occupied perfect lattice sites. In the thermal treatment the Ga atoms partially diffused out of the implanted region; with PEBA, however, the implanted impurity distribution remained unchanged. (orig.)

[en] Nineteen varieties of cotton of different countries of origin were subjected to tests for determination of physical properties of fibre viz., length (mm), length uniformity (%), short fibre index (SFI %), strength (g/tex), elongation (%), fineness (Micronaire value), reflectance (Rd value) and yellowness (+b value), using the Uster HVI system, Egypt (Giza 70), Egypt (Giza 88), India ( MCU 5), USA (Elpaso), Egypt (Giza 86), Sudan (Barkat) and CIS (Sultop) had better overall fibre length, strength and length uniformity %, and low SFI %, Pearson correlation of these physical properties was also determined. A strong positive correlation was found among fibre length, strength and length uniformity while all three of these properties exhibited a strong negative correlation with SFI %. (author)

[en] Mechanism for the improvement of the surface region of a single crystalline rare earth perovskite substrate, namely, Nd Ga O₃ (Neodymium gallate) has been searched. Along with few other Neodymium gallate (Nd Ga O₃), perovskite substrate is playing an important role for sputtering high temperature superconducting films like YBaCuO. A good number of crystalline Nd Ga O₃ substrates have been used in the present investigations. The substrates were analyzed by ion channeling and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry prior to the deposition of the film. The experiment was carried out in a Van-De Graff accelerator using 2.0 MeV, ² He beam. The beam current was less than 1.0 nA. A 25 mm² silicon surface barrier detector of resolution 14 KeV (FWHM) with standard electronics was used for the detection of the energy of the backscattered particles scattered at an angle of 165^o to the incident beam direction. The alignments of the substrates with respect to the analyzing beam were performed by using a three axis computer controlled goniometer which can rotate along three mutually perpendicular axis. It has been observed that the substrates revealed quite different surface peak area and channeling minimum yield value, χ _min even for samples from the same charge. The NdGaO₃ substrates which showed rather large surface peak (both in height and in depth) and high χ _min values (up 6%) were used in the present investigation in order to reduce their surface peak and χ _min values i.e., to improve their surface quality. 3 fig., 4 refs. (author)

[en] Objective: To find the prevalence and intensity of low back pain (LBP) among shopkeepers and their associated risk factors and to determine working postures and activities of shopkeepers which make them vulnerable to low back pain. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Model Town Link Road, Lahore, Pakistan for a period of five months. 96 shopkeepers were selected by non-probability convenience sampling. Prevalence was measured by modified Nordic questionnaire and intensity of pain by Visual Analog Scale. Results: Prevalence of LBP was 56.25%. Of these, 81(84.38%) were male and 15(15.63%) were female. LBP was most common in age group 18-24 years. 58.8% of them had difficulty at job due to LBP. More working hours and prolonged standing or sitting in poor postures were associated with LBP. Conclusion: About half of the shopkeepers (56.25%) suffered from LBP. Working hours and poor posture were risk factors. Therefore, ergonomic advice is needed to prevent from low back pain. (author)

[en] Studies on the effects of gamma radiation on different life stages of Callosobruchus chinensis were carried out in a growth chamber at 30±1degC and 70±2 % R.H. with 12:12 hr light and dark cycle. Eggs (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-day-old), larvae (7- and 10-day-old), mature pupae (one day before adult eclosion) along with adzuki beans and 1-day-old adults were exposed to gamma radiation from a ⁶⁰Co source. Complete mortality of the 1-day-old eggs was obtained by exposure to 12 Gy, and a dose of 40 Gy caused 100 % mortality of the 7-day-old larvae after 24 hr of exposure. A dose of 640 Gy caused instant kill of the mature pupae and 1-day-old adults. The fecundity and fertility of adults irradiated either as mature pupae or 1-day-old adults decreased with the increase of the dose. Eggs, laid by females which had been exposed and/or had mates which had been exposed as mature pupae to 20 Gy or more, had negligible hatching rates. Complete sterility was obtained at 80 Gy in the 1-day-old adults. The sterilized males irradiated as 1-day-old at 80 Gy were capable of competing sexually with untreated ones. The percentage of egg hatch decreased as the ratio of sterile males to normal males increased, becoming less than 10 % at the ratios of 9 : 1 and 15 : 1. (author)

[en] Specimens of nineteen different global varieties of cotton were studied to determine their contribution to water hardness through calcium and magnesium impurities, resulting in various problems during textile pretreatment, colouration and finishing. Pakistani cotton was found to be the second most contaminated cotton in terms of calcium and magnesium impurities, whereas Elisa variety from Uzbekistan was the cleanest. (author)