[en] The observation of ultra high energy cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff energy has stirred up considerable interest in particle astrophysics and cosmology. In this paper, I wish to summarize, in a sketchy manner, what we have been trying to do recently in connection with this important problem. We believe that the interpretation of these GZK events already requires a full knowledge of the electroweak physics in the energy range of hundreds of TeV's

[en] In the presence of the nontrivial QCD ground state or vacuum, nonlocal condensates are used to characterize the quark or gluon propagator, or other Green functions of higher order. We wish to show in this paper that, provided that we may use the large N_c approximation to treat condensates of much higher order, there is a natural way of setting up closed sets of differential equations which govern the inter-related Green functions to a given order. As a specific example, the leading-order equations for the nonlocal condensates appearing in the quark propagator are derived and explicit solutions are obtained. Some applications of our analytical results are briefly mentioned

No abstract available

[en] According to my own belief that “The God wouldn't create a world that is so boring that a particle knows only the very feeble weak interaction.”, maybe we underestimate the roles of neutrinos. We note that right-handed neutrinos play no roles, or don't exist, in the minimal Standard Model. We discuss the language to write down an extended Standard Model - using renormalizable quantum field theory as the language; to start with a certain set of basic units under a certain gauge group; in fact, to use the three right-handed neutrinos to initiate the family gauge group SU_f(3). Specifically we use the left-handed and right-handed spinors to form the basic units together with SU_c(3)×SU_L(2)×U(1)×SU_f(3) as the gauge group. The dark-matter SU_f(3) world couples with the lepton world, but not with the quark world. Amazingly enough, the space of the Standard-Model Higgs Φ(1,2), the family Higgs triplet Φ(3, 1), and the neutral part of the mixed family Higgs Φ⁰(3,2) undergoes the spontaneous symmetry breaking, i.e. the Standard-Model Higgs mechanism and the “project-out” family Higgs mechanism, to give rise to the weak bosons W^± and Z⁰, one Standard-Model Higgs, the eight massive family gauge bosons, and the remaining four massive neutral family Higgs particles, and nothing more. Thus, the roles of neutrinos in this extended Standard Model are extremely interesting in connection with the dark-matter world

[en] The Atomic Energy Council (AEC) is the regulatory body of ionization radiation protection in Taiwan. To effectively control the safety in ionization radiation, AEC brought into force the Ionization Radiation Protection Act on 1 February, 2003 with clear statements of the penalty for violating the Law. The Article 5 of the Act provides: In order to limit the radiation exposure from radiation sources or practices, the Competent Authority shall refer to the latest standards of the International Commission on Radiological Protection to lay down the Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation. Thus, AEC is going to draft new safety standards of ionization radiation protection of Taiwan according to ICRP Publication 60. The Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER), the governmental institute working on ionization radiation research in Taiwan, took the responsibility of assisting AEC in establishing guidelines on the control of internal radiation exposure and responding to the regulations in the new standards as soon as possible. So, according to the recommendations of ICRP Publications 60, 66,67,68,69,71,78,88, and IAEA Safety Standard Series No. RS-G- 1.1 and 1.2, INER undertook researches on the internal radiation exposure control and dose evaluations for INER's radiation workers as well as dose evaluations for the general public. The research accomplishments not only can be the reference of AEC when making new standards, but also can be followed by other radiation protection businesses. (Author) 23 refs

[en] Environmental data were collected and analyzed for the radiological dose assessment resulting from the operation of Daeduk Nuclear facilities. These data include population distribution and productivity of vegetational products within radius 80km from the site. These data are useful not only for the radiological dose assessment from the operation of Daeduk Nuclear facilities including Hanaro research reactor, but also for the decision support in a nuclear emergency

[en] The existence of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff energy for protons does not preclude the possibility of accelerating protons to energies considerably higher than the GZK cutoff. Rather, it indicates that protons being accelerated to above GZK cutoff energies, subsequently propagating in the cosmic medium while interacting with cosmic background photons, become the source of producing other ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR's) - some of them, such as GZK neutrinos, could propagate with a much longer mean free path. It is therefore of critical importance to investigate experimentally the neutrino fraction in the high energy cosmic rays, as a function of the cosmic ray energy up to energies beyond the GZK cutoff. In this paper, we wish to demonstrate how the various few-body reactions, so familiar to the audience of the few-body physics community, replay themselves at the highest-energy edge of particle cosmology. As one of our initial attempts, we employ the current state-of-the-art knowledge on photo-pion nucleon reactions to investigate the propagation, in the cosmic medium, of nucleons of energy in the range of (1-6) x 10²⁰ eV, i.e. between the GZK cutoff and Λ K production threshold. A sample numerical result is given for illustration

[en] Formulae for cross sections of γ¹²C(g.s.)→γ¹²C*(15.110) and anti γ¹²C(g.s.)→anti γ¹²C*(15.110) and for angular distributions and circular polarizations of the subsequent decay photons are derived in a model-independent (elementary-particle) approach. The results indicate that, granting validity of the isotriplet hypothesis which relates the isovector components of the hadronic neutral weak current to the hadronic charged weak polar and axial currents, the numerical predictions of these quantities are strikingly different between solutions A and B. (Auth.)

[en] This paper examines those basic theoretical aspects that, in the author's opinion, are relevant for future experimental studies of deuteron photodisintegration, or its time-reversed reaction, at low, intermediate, and high energies. At low photon energies, i.e. Esub(γ) approximately < 120 MeV, theoretical aspects stressed by the various authors are contrasted and discussed. At intermediate energies, i.e., 200 MeV approximately < 460 MeV, the major emphasis has to do with the importance of studying the role played by isobars (Δ (1232)), especially in sorting out effects related to substantial energy transfer to the baryonic system. At high energies, i.e., Esub(γ) approximately > 500 MeV, the prospect of unraveling manifestations of the quark substructure of hadrons is briefly discussed. For the entire energy region surveyed in this paper, Esub(γ) approximately < 1 GeV, it appears essential to measure spin observables so as to disentangle manifestations of the various important aspects relevant for the reaction

[en] The Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) participated in a comparison of activity organized by the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL, Japan). At this occasion, ¹²⁵I was measured. Seven laboratories of the Asia Pacific region carried out measurements and ETL, at the same time, took part in BIPM SIR measurements. Two measurement methods developed by INER, the sum-peak coincidence counting with two 76x76 mm NaI(Tl) detectors and the 4πe-X coincidence counting technique with efficiency extrapolation, were used to standardize the activity of ¹²⁵I. The results from the two methods are 2.6% different. INER's results agree with the results of the regional comparison and the BIPM SIR