[en] Viable eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on apples have been the concern of several importing countries and exports require preshipment, phytosanitary treatment to reduce or eliminate live eggs. Because fumigation is often detrimental to the commodity appearance and shelf-life, resulting in a loss of commercial value, there is a need for alternatives for chemical pest control as a quarantine treatment, and irradiation could be a new strategy method. The data obtained indicate that a dose of gamma radiation equal to or higher than 0.15 kGy seems to be adequate to prevent post-diapause hatching of wintering eggs of the European red mite. Thus, this dose is suggested for quarantine treatment of apples infested with wintering eggs of the European red mite. (author)

[en] The bioinsecticide DIPEL 2X irradiated with doses of gamma radiation up to 2.0 kGy preserves its insecticidal efficiency against larvae of the Indian meal moth, ''Plodia interpunctella'' (Huebner). The amount of DIPEL 2X-treated food taken in by larvae irradiated with 0.1-0.7 kGy is sufficient for bringing about the death of these larvae. (author). 20 refs, 8 figs, 3 tabs

[en] Effects of gamma and X radiation on the different development stages of pests such as Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Acaroidea have been evaluated. It was found that Coleoptera pests were the most sensitive to ionizing radiation, while Acaroidea pests needed the highest doses. It was also established that the development stages were more radiosensitive than the imago forms. Applied doses were compared with food irradiation standards. 48 references are given. (E.G.M)

[en] Subsequent irradiation treatments (re-irradiation) of the bulb mite with low doses of gamma radiation lower its fecundity and fertility. Population of the bulb mite cumulates the detrimental effects of the repeated irradiation treatments with low doses. As a consequence, the fertility of mites is completely inhibited by the third irradiation treatment with a dose of 50 Gy

[en] Because of multiplicity of invertebrate pests of fresh and durable agricultural products which are treaded internationally there are frequent instances were products are unacceptable without an approved prior disinfestation treatment. The majority of these pests are regulated by quarantine inspections at the ports of exit and entry. Where there is risk of rejection of products if quarantine pests are found at inspection it is frequently prudent to apply a disinfestation treatment. Control of these pests in agriculture produce by fumigation is no longer desirable from the points of human health and global environment. Irradiation could be feasible and practical alternative with a broad applicability to commodities and pests. Quarantine disinfestation of most agricultural products seems to be achievable at the recommended generic dose of 300 Gy. Because irradiation applied at doses ranging about 300 Gy does not cause immediate mortality of all insects, mites or nematodes, live pests could be present after treatment of agricultural produce intended for international trade. In such case a marker of irradiation that is easily applied may be very useful in allaying concerns of some quarantine inspectors that inevitably occur when a living insect of quarantine importance is found in a shipment. (author)

[en] Short communication

[en] Short communication

[en] Irradiated larvae and adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum DuVal, do not die immediately after they have been irradiated with a wide range of gamma radiation. High doses increased the rate mortality of larvae and adults of the confused flour beetle mare than lower doses.Results obtained indicate that doses higher than 2.0 kGy would be required for their lethality within a few day period. A dose in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 kGy would be sufficient if lethality of the confused flour beetle within a 2 week period was the aim. A dose below 1.0 kGy may adults of the confused flour beetle within several weeks, inhibition of their development, and sterility of the surviving insects. (author)

[en] Juvenile and adult nematodes emerged from onion and garlic samples on the 3 rd week after irradiation with doses up to 0.5 kGy and from potato treated with doses up to 2.0 kGy. However, irradiation of onion infected with Ditylenchus dipsaci caused the inhibition of the development and growth of juvenile nematodes to mature forms. Doses of gamma radiation ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 kGy had only a slight effect, if any, on the development and growth of D. dipsaci nematodes infecting garlic, but they increased juvenile mortality. Gamma radiation at doses up to 2.0 kGy induced increased mortality of nematode juveniles of the potato tuber nematode, D. destructor but less so inhibited their development to mature forms. Nematodes were found to be resistant to irradiation treatment. Therefore the use of gamma irradiation for nematode disinfestation of agricultural products seems to be impractical, if the aim of the treatment is to kill these pests within a few weeks. The level of radiation required to kill nematodes in infected plants would damage plant tissues so that the further storage of vegetables will be impossible. (author). 22 refs, 3 figs, 2 tabs

[en] A 40 or 60 krad dose of gamma radiation reduce slightly sexual activity of the males but male activity is greatly reduced as the radiation dose increases from 60 to 120 krad. Females of the mold mite, Tyrophagus, putrescentiae (Schrank), molested by males present at a 3:1 or 5:1 ratio live shorter than females kept with one male. The SAG test can be applied to compare sexual activity of males treated with different dosage of gamma irradiation