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AbstractAbstract
[en] The reactivity effects of hydrogenous substances, such as the oil used in the primary coolant pumps, which could enter the core of a fast reactor in a hypothetical accident, have been studied in a series of experiments and calculations. Measurements to study the influence of the density of the hydrogen and its location on reactivity were made in two assemblies in the zero power reactor ZEBRA. The first of these was similar in size to PFR and the second was the large BZB assembly of the BIZET programme. The results of this work have been compared with calculations using the FGL5 nuclear data library. Calculations for a 1200 MW (e) CFR have been made using three quantities of material (8, 40 and 160 Kg of hydrocarbon, equivalent to 10, 50 and 200 litres of oil). The calculations have used different geometrical models and hydrocarbon distributions and have explored the influence of core temperature, fuel burn-up and the presence of control rods to estimate the maximum reactivity changes that can be obtained. The results have been analysed in terms of components of the change in neutron balance produced by the material and uncertainties in these have been derived from the ZEBRA work. (author)
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UKAEA Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith; p. 196-214; Apr 1979; p. 196-214; International symposium on fast reactor physics; Aix-en-Provence, France; 24 - 28 Sep 1979
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Report
Literature Type
Conference; Numerical Data
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INIS IssueINIS Issue
White, D.R.; Fitzgerald, M.; Ingram, D.
Proceedings of the 4. International congress of the International Radiation Protection Association. Paris, 24-30 April 19771977
Proceedings of the 4. International congress of the International Radiation Protection Association. Paris, 24-30 April 19771977
AbstractAbstract
[en] The latest report of the Task Group of Committee 2 on Reference Man contains a comprehensive tabulation of the concentrations of 51 elements in 81 organs, tissues and tissue components. A comparison of the summation of the masses of the elements present in the tissue to the quoted total masses, has indicated discrepancies in excess of 20% for 12 tissues. The errors were generally due to data relating to the elements C, H, N or O being omitted, but certain skeletal systems were without calcium. Consequently, calculations were performed on 69 organs and tissues. Partial and total mass attenuation and energy absorption coefficients for 33 energies within the range 10 keV - 100 MeV, have been calculated using published elemental cross sections. Data were derived by the use of the conventional 'mixture rule', by summing over 51 elements. Photoelectric K, L1, L2 and L3 absorption edges for the high atomic number elements present were also considered in the analysis. Electron collision and radiation mass stopping powers, angular scattering powers and ranges have also been calculated for the same 33 energies from 10 keV - 100 MeV and for the same 69 tissues and organs. All of the tissues and organs have been categorised according to the basic fat/water/protein compositions and the magnitudes of the derived photon and electron data. The analysis has indicated a number of results of importance in radiation dosimetry. These include differences in excess of 30% in the photon interaction data at low energies for cortical bone compared to similar data for an earlier published formulation and significant K-edge discontinuities from iodine present in the thyroid. A review of this work will be given and comparisons made with interaction data derived from the previous reference Man document that was published in 1959. The implications of both the photon and the electron results in radiation dosimetry will be discussed
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Anon; v. 2 p. 461-463; 1977; v. 2 p. 461-463; Association Internationale de Protection contre les Rayonnements; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; 4. International congress of the International Radiation Protection Association: radiation protection as an example of action against modern hazards; Paris, France; 24 - 30 Apr 1977; Copies available: M. Gilbert Bresson, General Secretary IRPA, B.P. no.33, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses (France)
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Book
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Conference
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INIS IssueINIS Issue
AbstractAbstract
[en] Electron mass stopping powers, angular scattering powers and c.s.d.a. ranges have been calculated for 69 ICRP Reference Man organs and tissues. The methods of calculation are discussed and selected derived data are compared with relevant published values. The tissues and organs are categorised and representative tabulations of electron interaction data are presented. (author)
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Journal Article
Journal
Health Physics; ISSN 0017-9078;
; v. 40(2); p. 195-204
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Reference NumberReference Number
INIS VolumeINIS Volume
INIS IssueINIS Issue
Micklich, B. J.; Smith, D. L.; Massey, T. N.; Ingram, D.; Fessler, A.
Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Funding organisation: US Department of Energy (United States)2000
Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Funding organisation: US Department of Energy (United States)2000
AbstractAbstract
[en] Potential diversion of nuclear materials is a major international concern. Fissile (e.g., U, Pu) and other nuclear materials (e.g., D, Be) can be detected using 6-7 MeV gamma rays produced in the 19F(p,αγ)16O reaction. These gamma rays will induce neutron emission via the photoneutron and photofission processes in nuclear materials. However, they are not energetic enough to generate significant numbers of neutrons from most common benign materials, thereby reducing the false alarm rate. Neutrons are counted using an array of BF3 counters in a polyethylene moderator. Experiments have shown a strong increase in neutron count rates for depleted uranium, Be, D2O, and 6Li, and little or no increase for other materials (e.g., H2O, SS, Cu, Al, C, 7Li). Gamma source measurements using solid targets of CaF2 and MgF2 and a SF6 gas target show that proton accelerator of 3 MeV and 10-100 microampere average current could lead to acceptable detection sensitivity
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10 Oct 2000; 6 p; 16. International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry, CAARI 2000; Denton, TX (United States); 1-4 Nov 2000; W-31-109-ENG-38; Also available from OSTI as DE00766332; PURL: https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/766332-DOrsvW/webviewable/
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Report
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Conference
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INIS VolumeINIS Volume
INIS IssueINIS Issue
Micklich, B.J.; Smith, D.L.; Massey, T.N.; Fink, C.L.; Ingram, D., E-mail: bjmicklich@anl.gov2003
AbstractAbstract
[en] We measured the photon yields for proton energies between 1.5 and 4.25 MeV using both CaF2 and MgF2 solid targets and SF6 gas targets. Photon yields were measured using a 7.62 cmx7.62 cm NaI scintillator detector. Detector response functions for these three individual γ-rays were calculated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP-4C. The relative intensities of the three γ-rays were determined by a least-squares fit of these response functions to the data in a selected region of the pulse-height spectrum. A maximum photon yield of 6.0x107 γ/μC/sr (at 0 deg.) was determined for the sum of these three γ-rays at an effective proton energy of 4.0 MeV. The contribution of the individual lines to the total photon yield depends strongly on the incident proton energy
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Source
10. symposium on radiation measurements and applications; Ann Arbor, MI (United States); 21-23 May 2002; S0168900203010064; Copyright (c) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: Pakistan
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Journal Article
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Conference
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment; ISSN 0168-9002;
; CODEN NIMAER; v. 505(1-2); p. 1-4
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Country of publication
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS, BOSONS, CALCIUM COMPOUNDS, CALCIUM HALIDES, CALCULATION METHODS, CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS, DIMENSIONS, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, ENERGY RANGE, FLUORIDES, FLUORINE COMPOUNDS, FLUORINE ISOTOPES, FUNCTIONS, HALIDES, HALOGEN COMPOUNDS, IONIZING RADIATIONS, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS, MASSLESS PARTICLES, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, MEV RANGE, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, RADIATION DETECTORS, RADIATIONS, SCINTILLATION COUNTERS, SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS, STABLE ISOTOPES, TARGETS, YIELDS
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INIS VolumeINIS Volume
INIS IssueINIS Issue
Micklich, B.J.; Smith, D.L.; Massey, T.N.; Fink, C.L.; Ingram, D., E-mail: bjmicklich@anl.gov2003
AbstractAbstract
[en] The potential diversion of nuclear materials is a major international concern. Fissile (e.g., U, Pu) and other nuclear materials (e.g., D, Be) can be detected using 6-7 MeV gamma-rays produced in the 19F(p,αγ) 16O reaction. These gamma-rays can induce neutron emission via photoneutron and photofission processes in nuclear materials. However, they are not energetic enough to generate significant numbers of neutrons from common benign materials. Neutrons are counted using an array of BF3 tubes in a polyethylene moderator. A strong increase in neutron count rates is seen when irradiating depleted uranium, Be, D2O, and 6Li, with little or no increase for other materials (e.g., H2O, SS, Cu, Al, C, 7Li). Experiments using both photon and neutron shielding show that the technique is resistant to countermeasures. We have reduced the neutron background from proton beam reactions (thus increasing the system's sensitivity) and have tested a high-current gas cell which should be capable of operating at proton beam currents of up to 100 μA
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10. symposium on radiation measurements and applications; Ann Arbor, MI (United States); 21-23 May 2002; S0168900203011227; Copyright (c) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: Pakistan
Record Type
Journal Article
Literature Type
Conference
Journal
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment; ISSN 0168-9002;
; CODEN NIMAER; v. 505(1-2); p. 466-469
![Search for ISSN 0168-9002 in OCLC WorldCat Worldcat](dist/images/worldcat.png)
Country of publication
BARYONS, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, EMISSION, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, FERMIONS, FISSION, FLUORINE ISOTOPES, HADRONS, IONIZING RADIATIONS, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, MANAGEMENT, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, NEUTRON DETECTORS, NEUTRONS, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEI, NUCLEONS, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, OXYGEN ISOTOPES, PHOTONUCLEAR REACTIONS, PHOTONUCLEONS, PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS, RADIATION DETECTORS, RADIATIONS, STABLE ISOTOPES
Reference NumberReference Number
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AbstractAbstract
No abstract available
Original Title
Elastische und unelastische Pion-Kern-Streuung im Gebiet der (3.3) Resonanz
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Source
DPG spring meeting and advanced training meeting of the Fachausschuss Kernphysik, Sektion A: Nuclear physics; Heidelberg, Germany, F.R; 13 - 18 Mar 1978; AED-CONF--78-084-002; Short communication only.
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Journal Article
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Conference
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Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft; (no. 4); p. 754
Country of publication
DISTRIBUTION, ENERGY RANGE, ENERGY-LEVEL TRANSITIONS, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, HADRON REACTIONS, HEAVY NUCLEI, ISOTOPES, LEAD ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, LITHIUM ISOTOPES, MESON REACTIONS, MEV RANGE, MULTIPOLE TRANSITIONS, NITROGEN ISOTOPES, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEI, ODD-ODD NUCLEI, OXYGEN ISOTOPES, SCATTERING, STABLE ISOTOPES
Reference NumberReference Number
INIS VolumeINIS Volume
INIS IssueINIS Issue
Micklich, B. J.; Smith, D. L.; Massey, T. N.; Fink, C. L.; Ingram, D.; Technology Development; Ohio Univ.
Argonne National Laboratory ANL (United States). Funding organisation: LDRD (US)2003
Argonne National Laboratory ANL (United States). Funding organisation: LDRD (US)2003
AbstractAbstract
[en] We measured the photon yields for proton energies between 1.5 and 4.25 MeV using both CaF2 and MgF2 solid targets and SF6 gas targets. Photon yields were measured using a 7.62 cm x 7.62 cm NaI scintillator detector. Detector response functions for these three individual γ-rays were calculated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP-4C. The relative intensities of the three γ-rays were determined by a least-squares fit of these response functions to the data in a selected region of the pulse-height spectrum. A maximum photon yield of 6.0x107 γ/(micro)C/sr (at 0 degrees) was determined for the sum of these three γ-rays at an effective proton energy of 4.0 MeV. The contribution of the individual lines to the total photon yield depends strongly on the incident proton energy
Primary Subject
Source
1 Jun 2003; 3 p; 10. Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications; Ann Arbor, MI (United States); 21-23 May 2002; AC02-06CH11357; Available from Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A; doi 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01006-4
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External URLExternal URL
AbstractAbstract
[en] Mechanically polished molybdenum samples have been irradiated with 150 keV molybdenum ions at fluences from zero to 16 x 1015 ions/cm2 to study the effects on surface smoothing. Both fluence and substrate temperature during irradiation (25, 250, and 500 0C) had considerable effects on the optical properties. Ellipsometry, profilometry, and Nomarski photography were used to characterize the surfaces. Multiple wavelength, multiple angle of incidence ellipsometry results were analyzed using effective medium approximation models, with molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, and voids as the principal constituents. Generally, we find that the reflectance calculated from the ellipsometric measurements increases continuously as a function of fluence. However, for high substrate temperature and short wavelength the reflectance as a function of fluence reaches a maximum and then decreases. Effective medium calculations indicate that there is a corresponding change in the surface roughness with fluence, and that effects due to oxides are minimal
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Journal Article
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Measurement of the neutron energy spectrum above ∼16 MeV will yield information on the spatial and energy distributions of confined fast alphas in deuterium--tritium (DT) tokamaks (Fisher, Nucl. Fusion; Gorini Rev. Sci. Instrum.). The energetic neutrons result from fusion reactions involving the energetic ions created by alpha-fuel ion knock-on collisions. Standard two-gas bubble neutron detectors, designed to only detect neutrons with energies above a selectable threshold determined by the gas mixture, were used in preliminary attempts to measure the knock-on neutrons from DT plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor and Joint European Torus (JET). Subsequent measurements at accelerator neutron sources showed an unexpected below-threshold detector response that prevented observations of the alpha-induced neutron tails. Spontaneous bubble nucleation measurements show that the majority of this below-threshold response is due to slight variations in the gas mixture, and is not present in single-gas detectors. Single-gas detectors will be tested at the University of California Berkeley to determine the neutron energy threshold as a function of detector operating temperature and to confirm their suitability for alpha knock-on tail measurements. An array of single-gas detectors operating at different temperatures should allow measurements of the alpha knock-on neutron tail during planned DT experiments on JET
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Source
Othernumber: RSINAK000072000001000796000001; 628101CON; The American Physical Society
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Journal Article
Journal
Review of Scientific Instruments; ISSN 0034-6748;
; v. 72(1); p. 796-800
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