[en] The X-ray structural and electron-microscopic analysis were used to study the St.45. The steel samples quenched were irradiated by the low energy microsecond high current electron beam under the conditions of initial fusion. The regularities of the action zone formation are considered on the base of thermal and strain processes analysis

No abstract available

[en] Surface hardening and structural change in carbon steels (steel 35, steel 45, U7A, 40Kh) under the effect of pulsed electron beam with the parameters q approximately 10⁵ W/cm², eU approximately 20 keV and duration tsub(i) approximately 10^-4 s have been studied. It is shown, that as a result of electron beam effect 3 time increase of the steel microhardness as compared with preliminarily annealed ones takes place and it is increased by approximately 20% as compared with hardened alloys. Evaluation of temperature to which metal surface is heated under the effect of the beam, as well as the cooling rate of the surface irradiated, is made

No abstract available

[en] Results are given in the present work for studying the electrochemical behavior of steel 12Kh18N10T irradiated by a pulsed electron beam. The electrochemical behavior was studied by means of anodic polarization curves in 1% HCl solution at room temperature. The authors established that for a marked increase in the corrosion resistance of steel 12Kh18N10T with irradiation by a pulsed electron beam it is necessary that the surface temperature is sufficient for evaporation of a thin layer and purification of the surface from undesirable impurities. Use of pulsed electron beams with these parameters makes it possible to increase the corrosion resistance of this steel by several factors of ten. The possibility has been demonstrated of using electron beams of nanosecond duration for alloying the surface layers of steels with the aim of improving their corrosion resistance

[en] The paper is dedicated to investigation of solution-diffusion processes in the niobium-tin system, to kinetics of Nb₃Sn compound formation and to the role of doped additions. It is established that niobium dissolution in tin runs at higher rate and linearly depends on the ωsup(1/2) frequency, that permitted to use the Levitch equation to calculate niobium diffusion coefficients in tin. Diffusion coefficients are also estimated according to Stokes-Einstein equation. By metallographical, X-ray structural and microroentgen spectral analyses of the transition zone produced at the niobium-tin melt interface at different temperatures, times of isothermal hold-up and cooling conditions established is that a zone consisting of three phases: Nb₃Sn, Nb₆Sn₅-and NbSn₂ is observed during niobium interaction with liquid tin depending on kinetic conditions. Only the Nb₃Sn compound is found during the specimen quenching from 1000 deg C into water. Critical current dependence of Nb-Sn specimens on reaction temperature in the range of 700-980 deg C is studied and it is established that besides the well-known maximum of critical current at 930-960 deg C there exists the second maximum at 810-820 deg C. Critical current dependence of niobium-tin specimens on reaction gas pressure is studied and the presence of critical current maximum in the range of 0.3-1.2 (rel. un.) is established

[en] A study was made on the effect of multiple irradiation by low-energy high-current electron beam (LHEB) on formation of hardened layer in carbon steel specimens. It was revealed that two zones formed in the surface layer. Their location and degree of ordering are dictated by LHEB parameters and one-pulse time. Experiments were conducted with the beam, characterized by the following parameters: pulse duration 0.15-1.2μs, average electron energy 10-20 keV, density of beam energy 0.6-6.0 J/cm²

[en] Results of studying elecrochemical behaviour of 12Kh18N10T steel irradiated by pulse electron beam are presented. The sufficient improvement of 12Kh18N10T steel corrosion resistance under irradiation by pulse electron beam requires the surface temperature adequate for evaporation of thin layer and surface purification from undesirable impurities. Application of pulse electron beams with mentioned parameters enables to improve corrosion resistance of the steel several dozen times. Possibility of using electron beams of nanosecond duration for alloying surface layers of steels for improving their corrosion resistance is shown

[en] The formation of a heat affected zone in a previously quenched type 45 steel irradiated by a pulsed microsecond low-energy high-current electron beam to initiate surface melting has been studied by X-ray diffraction and by layer-by-layer transmission electron-microscopic analyses. The zone was found to comprise three layers, whose formation was analyzed on the basis of numerically solving the heat-transfer equation. (Author)

No abstract available