[en] Full text: Managing the interaction between coal mining and agricultural industries presents a challenging issue for Australian state and federal governments, particularly where productive groundwater resources are found. An example of this interaction occurs in the Bowen Basin coal fields of central Queensland. Here, productive aquifers of Tertiary aged basalt are irregularly distributed throughout the region and are commonly targeted for livestock water supplies, and to a lesser extent, for mine water supply. The basalt aquifers are also intersected by coal mines as the industry expands throughout the basin. Applying appropriate groundwater protection policy to these basalt systems is a challenge because they are very difficult to adequately conceptualise and accurately model. Similar to basalt systems worldwide, the basalt aquifers of the Bowen Basin have large spatial variability in aquifer parameters, resulting in highly compartmentalised systems. The Queensland government requires proponents of major mining projects to assess the potential environmental impacts arising from mining development, including groundwater assessments. The key objective of the groundwater assessments is to robustly and conservatively predict the zone of groundwater depressurisation around the project at milestone times during and after mining. The results of these assessments guide the project approvals process and the environmental protection conditions that governments apply to the projects. Typical field data often only provides limited “windows” into the structure of the basalt formations and commonly fail to adequately resolve their complex aquifer architecture. As a result, subsequent groundwater models are near impossible to calibrate and the predictive results are indicative only if aquifer connection exists. However despite their limitations, these groundwater models are an indispensable tool in understanding the basalt aquifer systems. This presentation summarises the experience of the authors working on mining projects in the Bowen Basin and highlights the challenges that arise during the course of these basalt aquifer investigations. (author)

[en] We have measured the spin structure functions g₂^p and g₂^d and the virtual photon asymmetries A₂^p and A₂^d over the kinematic range 0.02 < x < 0.8 and 1.0 < Q² (le) 30(GeV/c)² by scattering 38.8 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from transversely polarized NH₃ and ⁶LiD targets.The absolute value of A₂ is significantly smaller than the √R positivity limit over the measured range, while g₂ is consistent with the twist-2 Wandzura-Wilczek calculation. We obtain results for the twist-3 reduced matrix elements d₂^p, d₂^d and d₂ⁿ. The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule integral (g₂(x)dx) is reported for the range 0.02 (le) x (le) 0.8

[en] The structure functions g1p and g1n have been measured over the range 0.014 < x < 0.9 and 1 < Q2 < 40 GeV2 using deep-inelastic scattering of 48 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized protons and deuterons. We find that the Q2 dependence of g1p (g1n) at fixed x is very similar to that of the spin-averaged structure function F1p (F1n). From a NLO QCD fit to all available data we find Gamma₁^p Gamma₁ⁿ=0.176 ± 0.003 ± 0.007$ at Q2=5 GeV2, in agreement with the Bjorken sum rule prediction of 0.182 ± 0.005

[en] New measurements are reported on the deuteron spin structure function g₁^d. These results were obtained from deep inelastic scattering of 48.3 GeV electrons on polarized deuterons in the kinematic range 0.01 < x < 0.9 and 1 < Q² < 40 (GeV/c)². These are the first high dose electron scattering data obtained using lithium deuteride (⁶Li²H) as the target material. Extrapolations of the data were performed to obtain moments of g₁^d, including Γ₁^d, and the net quark polarization Δ Σ

[en] The structure functions g₁^p and g₁ⁿ have been measured over the range 0.014 < x < 0.9 and 1 < Q² < 40 GeV² using deep-inelastic scattering of 48 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized protons and deuterons. We find that the Q² dependence of g₁^p (g₁ⁿ) at fixed x is very similar to that of the spin-averaged structure function F₁^p (F₁ⁿ). From a NLO QCD fit to all available data we find Γ₁^p - Γ₁ⁿ = 0.176 ± 0.003 ± 0.007 at Q² = 5 GeV², in agreement with the Bjorken sum rule prediction of 0.182 ± 0.005

[en] We have measured the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g₁^p and g₁^d in the region of the nucleon resonances for W² < 5 GeV² and Q² ≅ 0.5 and Q² ≅ 1.2 GeV² by inelastically scattering 9.7 GeV polarized electrons off polarized ¹⁵NH₃ and ¹⁵ND₃ targets. We observe significant structure in g₁^p in the resonance region. We have used the present results, together with the deep-inelastic data at higher W², to extract Γ(Q²) (triple_bond) ∫₀¹ g₁(x,Q²) dx. This is the first information on the low-Q² evolution of Gamma toward the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn limit at Q² = 0