[en] Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to monitor the radiation effects promoted by incorporated tritiated thymidine (³H-TdR) on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with propidium iodide (PI). Lymphocyte microcultures were continuously labeled or pulse-labeled for various periods of time with different ³H-TdR concentrations. Two types of DNA histogram analyses were performed on unperturbed and ³H]TdR perturbed lymphocytes. The data analyses consisted of statistical analyses between averaged groups of histograms (nonparametric analysis) and cell cycle analyses (parametric analysis) to determine the percentages of cells in G0 + G1, S and G2 + M. The results showed that (a) ³H-TdR when added to proliferating lymphocytes under certain conditions (both short-term continuous and pulse-labeling) caused a highly significant increase in the proportion of tetraploid (4C) cells by FCM, (b) the increase in the proportion of 4C cells represented a block in G2 and (c) the relative increase in the percentage of 4C cells was proportional to ³H-TdR incorporation which was proportional to labeling time and concentration. Therefore, it was concluded that short labeling times be used to minimize adverse radiation effects when ³H-TdR is used to assay substances affecting lymphocyte proliferation or in the estimation of cell cycle time

[en] Use of relatively low-pH alkaline buffers, such as sodium carbonate or sodium silicate, is explored as a means for overcoming sodium/hydrogen ion-exchange delay in alkaline waterflooding. A local-equilibrium chromatographic model is outlined to describe the concentration velocities for injection of alkaline buffers into a linear porous medium that exhibits reversible sodium/hydrogen exchange. The theory predicts a buffer ion-exchange wave that is substantially faster than that for equivalent-pH sodium hydroxide solutions. New experimental displacement data are presented for NaOH over a pH range from 11 to 13 and for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ flowing through a 1 wt% NaCl brine saturated Berea sandstone core at 50⁰C [122⁰F]. To permit a complete description of the system, column effluent concentrations are measured for sodium ions, hydroxide ions, H/sup 3/-tagged water, and /sup 14/C-tagged carbonate. The experiments confirm that Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ propagates through the Berea sand at a higher rate than NaOH. For example, at pH=11.4, Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ migrates with a velocity that is 3.5 times faster than NaOH. Comparison of experiment with the ion-exchange chromatography theory shows good agreement. The authors successfully model the concentration histories of tritium-labeled water, total carbon, sodium, and hydroxide, all with no adjustable parameters. This work establishes with both theory and experiment that buffered alkali significantly increases the propagation speed of hydroxide in reservoir sands in comparison with unbuffered alkali at equivalent sodium and hydroxide concentrations. Because lower-pH buffered alkali can also protect against rock dissolution loss, the validated reduction of buffer ion-exchange lag considerably improves the promise of the alkaline flooding process for field application

No abstract available

[en] We report the first observation of coherent pion production induced by a heavy ion charge exchange reaction. The (¹²C,¹²N) reaction [D. Bachelier et al., Phys. Lett. B 172 (1986) 23; M. Roy-Stephan et al., Nucl. Phys. A 488 (1988) 178] at 1.1 GeV/nucleon has been used to shine negative (off-shell) pions on nuclei and observe (on-shell) pions, leaving the target nucleus in its ground state. The experiment was performed at the Laboratoire National Saturne with the SPES4-π setup [Laurent Farhi PHD thesis IPNO-T97-12, Universite d'Orsay, 1997; Rasmus Dahl Ph.D., Niels Bohr Institutet, Copenhagen (1999)]