[en] Along with the research and development of some radioligands, PET had play an important role in the researches on receptor-related, especially for gamma-aminobutyricacid receptor, acetylcholine receptor, glutamic acid receptor, dopamine receptor and opioid receptor, et al. In this review, the advances of researches on the receptor-related changes and PET were summarized, so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment on epilepsy. (authors)

[en] Free radical-mediated oxidative injury has been closely implicated in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Graves disease was also accompanied by changes of the free radicals, especially for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen, et al, and the oxidative stress can cause a certain degree of injury on the thyroid and other human important organs. Antithyroid drug and ¹³¹I treatment of Graves disease, the oxidative and antioxidative parameters can also be changed. (authors)

[en] The field of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) has made considerable strides in the past few years. Depreotide, a recently developed somatostatin analogue (SSA), has become a hot topic of SRI studies. It plays an important role in the course of diagnosis and differentiation of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Furthermore, it has much applicative potentials in breast cancer, thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and so on. (authors)

[en] Objective: To study the correlation between the level of serum tumor makers and bone metastases of lung cancer. Method: In 128 diagnosed patients with lung cancer, small cell lung cancer were 26 cases, non-small cell lung cancer were 102 cases which included 44 cases of adenocarcinoma, 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 4 cases of large cell carcinoma, 4 cases of squamous adenocarcinoma. "9"9"mTc-MDP whole-body bone scanning was performed in 128 patients with lung cancer. over the same period, the serum samples were collected in these patients and 30 comparison controls. CEA, CA125, CA199, SCC, NSE, CA15-3, and AFP were measured by ELISA technique. Bone imaging findings analysis used t-test, and serum levels of tumor markers analysis used χ"2 test. Results: The diagnostic of 53 cases of lung cancer with bone metastasis was subject to clinical criteria of lung cancer with bone metastases. The positive ratio of patients with osseous metastasis was confirmed by "9"9"mTc-MDP whole-body bone scanning was 23.44% (30/128), including 16 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, 9 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 3 cases of small cell lung cancer , 1 case of large cell lung cancer, 1 case of squamous adenocarcinoma and multiple bone metastases accounted for 66.67% (20/30). The levels of serum CEA, CA125, CA199, SCC, NSE and CA15-3 were higher than the control group (P < O.05). 29 cases of CEA positive and 21 cases of CA125 positive were included in 30 cases of lung cancer with bone metastasis. There was a significant difference between the levels of CEA, CA125, CA199, NSE in lung cancer with bone metastases and without bone metastases (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of "9"9"mTc-MDP whole-body bone scanning in diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastasis was 84.91%. Conclusion: The average value of CEA, CA125, and CA199, SCC, NSE and CA15-3 in lung cancer patients were significantly higher than the control group. In addition, there is a significantly correlation between the occurrence of bone metastases and the levels of CEA, CA125, CA199, NSE in lung cancer patients. The sensitivity of "9"9"mTc-MDP whole-body bone scanning in diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastasis is good. "9"9"mTc-MDP whole-body bone scanning can be used as the first choice in the diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastases because of its high sensitivity. (authors)

[en] We report a case of ¹³¹I therapy in a patient with congenital absence of single thyroid gland lobe combined with Graves' disease and recurrence after methimazole therapy. We analyzed the characteristics of this case on the basis of clinical symptoms; auxiliary examination, including serological tests, thyroid ultrasound, and SPECT/CT fusion imaging of neck and chest. Understanding about the congenital absence of single thyroid gland lobe combined with Graves' disease was deepened through literature review. ¹³¹I therapy must be employed as early as possible when a patient with congenital absence of single thyroid gland lobe combined with Graves' disease exhibits recurrence after regular oral antithyroid drug therapy. ¹³¹I therapy is still an ideal method for patients with congenital absence of single thyroid gland lobe combined with Graves' disease and recurrence after methimazole therapy. (authors)

[en] A case report where a Takayasu's arteritis involving pulmonary artery was detected on pulmonary ventilation/perfusion imaging was presented. The characteristics of this case on the basis of clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory examinations and imaging examinations were analyzed. On the pulmonary ventilation/perfusion images, the 'mismatches' were observed in the whole right lung, and the upper, posterior lobes, and basal segment of the left lung. Only from the results of pulmonary ventilation/perfusion examination, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism. While it is considered as a result of the pulmonary artery involvement in the Takayasu's arteritis, once the patient's history and other examination results were analyzed, as well as the peer review of related literatures. In this case report, SPECT proved a non-invasive diagnostic tool for Takayasu's arteritis patient involved pulmonary artery. It offered precise diagnosis and thereby appropriate treatment strategies are taken on those patients. (authors)

[en] Objective: To compare the size of target volume, amplitudes of movements in different directions, movement vector, dose to the diseased lung, whole lung volume, and setup error between free breathing fixation (method A) and four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)-guided abdominal balloon compression fixation (method B), and to demonstrate that the 4DCT-guided abdominal balloon compression fixation is effective in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed among 80 patients with NSCLC in our hospital. In those patients, 40 received method A and 40 method B. The GTV_free and GTV_press were delineated on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of 10 respiratory phases using method A and method B, respectively. The GTV_free and GTV_press were obtained by expansion of the GTV_free and GTV_press, respectively. The paired t test was used to analyze the differences in the PTV, maximum amplitudes of movements in three dimensions, absolute value of the movement vector (|V|), and volume between method A and method B. The treatment planning system was used to compare the V₅, V₁₀, V₂₀, and V₃₀ of the diseased lung and the whole lung volume between method A and method B. All patients underwent cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans after positioning. Setup error was obtained by matching the CBCT images with the MIP images in the XVI system based on bone and grayscale values. Results: The GTV_free and GTV_press were (283.2 ± 12.74) and (201.8 ± 12.99)cm³, respectively (P = 0.002). The maximum amplitudes of movements in the right-left, superior-inferior, and anterior-posterior directions as well as the |V| value were (0.22 ± 0.02), (1.85 ± 0.08), (0.43 ± 0.26), and (1.91 ± 0.27) cm, respectively, for method A, and (0.05 ± 0.01), (0.41 ± 0.03), (0.16 ± 0.16), and (0.44 ± 0.16) cm, respectively, for method B (P = 0.120, 0.001, 0.070). The V₅, V₁₀, V₂₀, and V₃₀ for the diseased lung and total lung volume were (61.26 ± 4.27)%, (44.52 ± 1.70)%, (28.22 ± 3.13)%, (18.26 ± 5.17)%, and (3556 ± 223.12) cm³, respectively, for method A, and (52.74 ± 4.78)%, (38.76 ± 4.92)%, (23.71 ± 4.03)%, (15.54 ± 3.43)%, and (3376 ± 311.65) cm³, respectively, for method B (P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.004, 0.021, 0.004). There was no significant difference in setup error obtained by the XVI system between the two fixation methods (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Without increasing setup error, abdominal balloon compression can effectively control the lung movement amplitude, reduce the planning target volume, and reduce the radiation dose to the lung in patients with NSCLC. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the value of radionuclide myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging in the assessment of left ventricular systolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: The present study was a retrospective analysis of 36 patients (male/female, 27/9; age, 57.9 ± 12.3 years) with AMI who were treated with PTCA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from June 2015 to December 2017. All patients received PTCA treatment within 1 week of onset of AMI. SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging and PET/CT myocardial metabolic imaging were performed 3 days before and 6-8 months after treatment. Patients were then divided into two groups, namely, group A (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change value (ΔLVEF), ΔLVEF ≥ 5%) and group B (ΔLVEF < 5%). The t-and X² tests were used to compare differences between the two groups in terms of clinical data (LVEF, peak ejection rate (PER), ratio of surviving myocardium/necrotic myocardium (S/N) and cardiac troponini (cTnI) Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting left ventricular systolic function. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the S/N ratio cutoff for improved LVEF values (ΔLVEF ≥ 5%). Results: No statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and angina were found between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Before PTCA treatment, differences in LVEF, PER, and troponin cTnI between groups A and B were not statistically significant but differences in S/N ratio (group A: 1.24 ± 1.06, group B: 0.58 ± 0.37) were statistically significant (t = 0.824, P = 0.042). After PTCA treatment, differences in LVEF (group A: 47 ± 12, group B: 38 ± 10), PER (group A: 2.11 ± 0.48, group B: 1.71 ± 0.50), and S/N ratio (group A: 0.73 ± 0.47, group B: 0.62 ± 0.39) between the two groups were statistically significant (t = -2.528, -2.366, -2.514; P = 0.016, 0.024, 0.017) but the difference in cTnI was not statistically significant. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the S/N ratio is an independent influencing factor of ΔLVEF (OR = 2.164, P = 0.018). ROC curve results showed that the S/N ratio could be used to predict the cut-off value (0.62) of ΔLVEF ≥ 5% after PTCA treatment in AMI patients. The area under the curve was 0.823 (95%CI: 0.661-0.985), the specificity was 85.71%, and the sensitivity was 91.54%. Conclusion: Radionuclide myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging has important clinical value in evaluating left ventricular systolic function after PTCA treatment in AMI patients. (authors)

[en] Objective: To assess the effects of two different doses of ¹³¹I (3700 MBq vs. 1110 MBq) for ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) by using meta analysis. Methods: Collected the eligible trials by searching the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, EBSCO and SpringerLink from January 1980 to August 2013. All relevant studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A modified Jadad scale was used for quality evaluation of selected literatures. RveMan 5.1 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Twelve randomized con-trolled trails involving 2290 patients were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the criteria of successful thyroid remnant ablation reported in each literature, no statistical difference was noted in the rate of successful remnant ablation between low-and high-dose ¹³¹I group (Z = 1.80, P > 0.05). Both the low-or high-dose of ¹³¹I ablation showed no significant difference in the rate of successful remnant ablation between the two methods (recombinant human thyrotropin vs. steroid with-drawal) of preparing therapy (Z = 0.98 and 0.33, P > 0.05). Also, no significant differences existed in quality-of-life scores on the SF-36 between different ¹³¹I-dose groups (Z = 0.37, P > 0.05). The low-dose group showed lower incidence of adverse events (Z = 5.15, P < 0.01) and shorter hospital isolation time than that in high-dose ¹³¹I group. Conclusions: Two different doses of ¹³¹I treatment and two different preparation methods have similar efficacy in ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with low risk DTC, but the incidence of adverse effects in low-dose ¹³¹I group is less. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the correlation between 24 h of radioactive iodine uptake(24 h RAIU) and clinical efficacy of ¹³¹I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Methods: Data of 3218 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism from August 2009 to July 2014 were collected after a follow-up study. The follow-up times were 6 months to 60 months(mean: 28.36 ± 14.06 months). All patients underwent radioactive ¹³¹I therapy for the first time in the first hospital of Shanxi medical university. A total of 2690 patients(83.6% of 3218 patients) were followed up. These patients comprised 855 males and 1835 females, with ages ranging from 11 years to 81 years(average: 42.81 ± 15.06 years). Patients were treated with ¹³¹I therapy doses of 74 MBq to 1850 MBq (mean dose: 402.50 ± 279.94 MBq) and divided into three groups based on thyroid 24 h RAIU before ¹³¹I therapy as follows: group A, 405 cases(24 h RAIU < 50.0%); group B, 1764 cases(50.0% ≤ 24 h RAIU ≤ 80.0%); and group C, 521 cases(24 h RAIU > 80.0%). Additionally, the patients were divided into two groups based on the follow-up results of patients treated with ¹³¹I therapy. The cured group consisted of cases that were healed or had presented hypothyroidism, whereas the uncured group comprised cases with improved, invalid, and recurrent conditions. Results: A total of 2690 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism were treated with radioactive ¹³¹I, of which 2244 cases were cured(83.4%), and 446 cases were uncured(16.6%). In group A, 360 cases(88.9%) were cured, and 45 cases(11.1%) were uncured. In group B, 1534 cases(87.0%) were cured, and 230 cases(13.0%) were uncured. In group C, 350 cases(67.2%) were cured, and 171 cases(32.8%) were uncured. Statistically significant differences were found between the cured and uncured rates among the three groups(χ² = 21.80, P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression results indicated that age(b = 0.259), thyroid weight(b = 0.340), gender(b = 0.275), and use of anti-thyroid drugs(ATD) treatment(b = 0.226) were all correlated with thyroid 24 h RAIU. Conclusion: Thyroid 24 h RAIU was related to the clinical efficacy of ¹³¹I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Low 24 h RAIU implies high cure rate, whereas high 24 h RAIU indicates high failure rate. High 24 h RAIU was primarily caused by high thyroid weight, young age, female gender, and lack of ATD treatment. By contrast, low thyroid weight, old age, male gender, and history of ATD treatment can lead to low 24 h RAIU. Overall, this study will provide further information regarding clinical ¹³¹I treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism. (authors)