[en] The physical processes which determine the azimuthal temperature gradients present in the zirconium cladding of PWR fuel during clad ballooning are discussed and their effect upon the cladding failure strain is considered. Factors important in the ballooning process include: the local variation of fuel-pin surface heat-transfer coefficient, fuel-pin bowing and the offset of the cladding with respect to the pellet stack. The way in which these factors are modelled in the ADVICE computer code is described and results of calculations are presented. (author)

[en] Apparatus for monitoring compounds labelled with highly radioactive tritium, ¹⁴C or similar molecules includes a gas-liquid chromatograph column, a variable post-column splitter, a flame ionisation detector connected to receive a minor proportion of the output of the splitter, an ion chamber connected to receive a major proportion of the output of the splitter, a differential electrometer connected to the flame ionisation detector, an electrometer capable of measuring currents of the order of 10^-12 amps at full scale deflection connected to the ion chamber and recording means connected to the electrometers. (author)

[en] Ensuring that safety analysis needs are met in the future is likely to lead to the development of new codes and the further development of existing codes. It is therefore advantageous to define standards for data interfaces and to develop software interfacing techniques which can readily accommodate changes when they are made. Defining interface standards is beneficial but is necessarily restricted in application if future requirements are not known in detail. Code interfacing methods are of particular relevance with the move towards automatic grid frequency response operation where the integration of plant dynamic, core follow and fault study calculation tools is considered advantageous. This paper describes the background and features of a new code TALINK (Transient Analysis code LINKage program) used to provide a flexible interface to link the RELAP5 thermal hydraulics code with the PANTHER neutron kinetics and the SIBDYM whole plant dynamic modelling codes used by Nuclear Electric. The complete package enables the codes to be executed in parallel and provides an integrated whole plant thermal-hydraulics and neutron kinetics model. In addition the paper discusses the capabilities and pedigree of the component codes used to form the integrated transient analysis package and the details of the calculation of a postulated Sizewell 'B' Loss of offsite power fault transient

[en] Since the end of the Second World War there has been an immense increase in the number of compounds that have been synthesised with radioactive or stable isotopes. These have found application in many diverse fields, so much so that hardly a single area in the pure and applied sciences has not benefited. This development has also been reflected in the growth of proceedings of conferences and journal publications over the years. In addition, individuals have left their mark by producing definitive texts, usually on specific nuclides. Only the classic two-volume publication of Murray and Williams, now over 30 years old and out of print attempted to do justice to several nuclides. Taking into account the large amount of work that has been undertaken since then, it seemed unlikely that an up-dated edition could be produced. The alternative strategy was to ask scientists currently active in the synthetic field to review specific areas, be they on methodology or on labelling certain groups of compounds

No abstract available

[en] Preliminary site characterization work for the proposed West Chestnut Ridge Central Waste Disposal Facility included collection and analysis of data on stream flows, watershed areas, precipitation, water levels at piezometer sites, and physiochemical properties of surface water. Seven temporary water-flow-gaging installations were established and used to characterize runoff patterns in the study area. Chip-floating and regression techniques were used to estimate stream flows after some of the temporary structures were destroyed during high flows. Stream flow fluctuations were quantified using coefficients of variation and percent change in total flow between adjacent sampling dates. The difference between precipitation and observed flows (net loss) was calculated for all stations. Two headwater stations (4 and 6) exhibited lower flows per watershed area and channel length, and higher levels of fluctuation in flow than the other stations. These two stations were also similar in watershed area and flow magnitude. Two other headwater stations (5 and 7) with comparable flows had total drainage areas that were similar in size and smaller than those of the other stations. Stations 5 and 7 exhibited high flows per drainage area and section length, especially in the dry period of the year when flows were higher than at all other stations. Fluctuations in flows were lowest at these two stations. Data indicate that these two sections are fed by sources of dependable groundwater. 7 refs., 4 figs., 8 tabs

[en] Since the first edition of Isotopes: Essential Chemistry and Applications was published in 1980, several important developments have taken place. This new volume provides information complementary to that found in the first, and covers the uses of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes, radioisotopes in industry, molecular biology, and the uses of compounds labelled with stable isotopes in medicinal chemistry. Special emphasis is given to short-lived radioisotopes, techniques such as radiochromatography and autoradiography, and recent developments in nmr spectroscopy. (author)

[en] This new volume of isotopes: essential chemistry and applications II provides information complementary to that found in the first, and covers the uses of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes, radioisotopes in industry, molecular biology, and the uses of compounds labelled with stable isotopes in medicinal chemistry. Special emphasis is given to short-lived radioisotopes, techniques such as radiochromatography and autoradiography, and recent developments in nmr spectroscopy. (author)

[en] This chapter emphasized how the isotope effects are obtained, and the factors that govern their magnitude. Most of the discussion concerned hydrogen isotope effects. Of the other isotopes much work has been done on carbon. Less extensive studies were reported using the isotopes of chlorine (³⁵Cl,³⁷Cl), sulfur (³²S,³⁴S), nitrogen (¹⁴N,¹⁵N), and oxygen (¹⁶O,¹⁷O). The customary way of altering the symmetry of the transition state is to vary the strength of the base B. Very large primary kinetic hydrogen isotope effects have also been observed for nitrocompounds. Some hydrogen alien reactions which may also be characterized by small solvation changes exhibit extremely large K/sup H//K/sup D/ values. Recently the main application of secondary hydrogen isotope effects has been in the study of the ability of neighboring groups to alter the energetics of organic reactions. 1 figure, 5 tables

[en] This paper describes the process employed by the American Mining Congress (AMC) to prepare for and react to the proposed US EPA regulations for radionuclides. The Sierra Club filed a lawsuit in 1981 against the EPA for its failure to propose and promulgate regulations for radionuclides. A court order was issued to EPA to propose regulations by March 30, 1983. The AMC decided to try to anticipate regulations by assembling all of the technical information that it could develop within the prescribed court mandated time of six months. Standards for underground uranium mines and the status of other Clean Air Act legislation/regulation are discussed. The underground uranium mining industry is the only segment of the AMC which is to be regulated at this time