[en] Titanium metal powder mixed with 2-5.5 wt.% iron powder was flowed on Ar gas stream and evaporated in the RF plasma with gas mixture of Ar and O₂. The spherical iron doped TiO₂ powder with colour of pinkish white was obtained. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the doped particles showed the periodic planer arrangement of iron atoms at empty space of TiO₂ crystals. In the case of Al doped particles, the lattice image presenting the mosaic-like structure is predominantly seen at the (110) lattice image. The difference of the segregation of Fe and Al in rutile particles has been discussed as the intrinsic nature of Fe and Al atoms

[en] The structure of NiTi shape memory alloy nanoparticles was determined by high-resolution electron microscopy. The mixture of Ni₄Ti₃ and R-phases was observed, which clearly showed lattice relationships of (2 1-bar 1)_B2//(1 0 1)_Ni4Ti3 and (2 2-bar 0)_B2//(1 3 1)_Ni4Ti3. Lattice images of an R-phase particle suggested the existence of a Ni-rich Guinier-Preston zone (G.P. zone)

[en] In order to elucidate the effect of synchrotron radiation (SR) irradiation on crystal growth, crystallization of WO₃ films has been performed in vacuum under SR irradiation. The main results were compared with the results of heat treatment of the same film. Upon SR irradiation for 80 s using a toroidal mirror, a catastrophic change occurred, i.e. W₃O crystals (A-15 type) with a size of less than 30 nm appeared. Decomposition of the WO₃ film started at above 750 deg. C during vacuum heating. W, WO₂ and incommensurate WO₃ crystals appeared. W₃O crystal produced neither intense electron beam irradiation nor vacuum heating. These results will be discussed in terms of the differences caused by excitation with a SR beam, i.e. strong inner shell excitation and ionization of W and O may have taken place

[en] Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron microscopy were conducted on the polymorphism of vacuum-deposited titanium dioxide films on a potassium chloride substrate. As-deposited amorphous films were crystallized to rutile and anatase modifications of titanium dioxide by intense electron beam irradiation. By EELS, tungsten from the evaporation source was found in all of the prepared films. Potassium and chlorine were also found in rutile and antase crystals, respectively. The appearance of the anatase crystals was attributed to incorporation of the chlorine impurities. (author)

[en] Si-doped amorphous carbon film prepared by the simultaneous vacuum evaporation of carbon and silicon has been irradiated by a synchrotron radiation (SR) beam. The preferential growth of diamond crystals was found by transmission electron microscope observation conducted after SR irradiation. It was also found that the solid-solution phase of carbon and silicon with the diamond structure was produced in the as-deposited film and at the initial stage of the crystallization. The solid-solution crystal remained in the stable phase up to 6 nm in size. The catalytic effect of Si was prominent in the growth of diamond. (author)

[en] New carbide crystallites, which have a solid-solution phase with diamond structure, were formed from amorphous carbon film containing a transition metal such as Fe, Co, Mo or Ti by vacuum heating at 500-800 deg C. The lattice constants for each solid-solution phase have been determined from electron diffraction patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscope images. The formation of carbon polymorphs has been summarized as being dependent on the heat treatment temperature

[en] It was found that smoke particles smaller than 100 nm and of different crystal structures can be separated by an electric field. Tungsten oxide smoke curved in the electric field towards the positive electrode plate. The morphology of the particles and dispersion of particles became good in the electric field. By burning of Pb in a mixture gas of Ar (80%) and O₂ (20%), red and yellow layer structure particles were simultaneously produced. The flow direction of red and yellow smokes changed by applying an electric field (200 V/cm). Red particles flowed towards the negative plate and yellow particles flowed towards the positive plate, i.e. two different structures were separated. Simultaneous growth conditions of SnO and SnO₂ were observed and also found that they can be separated by the use of electric field as well as lead oxides. The curve of the smoke is discussed as that the surface net charge was affected by the electric field on the basis of produced particle structure and morphology

[en] The conditions for the gel growth of ZnS were studied in this paper. The controlled reaction between the CH₃CSNH₂ and Zn(NO₃).6H₂O solutions by the diffusion process in a metasilicate gel was used for growing ZnS crystals. The nano-crystallites formed in the gel have been examined by electron microscopy. The following results were obtained: (1) the resulting particles with a size of 5 nm were identified to be zinc-blende ZnS particles and (2) the luminescence property of the crystals was studied by means of cathode luminescence spectroscopy