[en] Determining relation between magnetic fields and intrinsic motions of the Sun spots is considered. Based on daily maps of the longitudinal H₁ and transverse H₂ constituents of the magnetic field and a series of photographs of the Sun a comparison was made of motion of shadow nuclei and semishadow fibres with the structure of the magnetic field in the Sun spot group from 7 till 14 of June, 1969. It was found that the spots moved both along and across the direction of the transverse magnetic field. During the movement of spots changes in the structure of H₂ occurred which in the most cases corresponded to reorientation of lines of force along the trajectory behind the moving spot. However, in some cases the structure of the transverse field behind the moving spot became close to the perpendicular one to the trajectory of the past spot, although it could be almost parallel to the trajectory in front of the spot. The best coincidence of orientations of the spot trajectories with the H₂ structure was obtained near the zero line of the longitudinal field. The orientation of fibres of semishadows along H₂ was observed when the group was near the central meridian

No abstract available

[en] Among the most promising applications of irradiation is the prevention of losses of onions through sprouting. The interest in this particular application in Hungary has been demonstrated by the fact that a further clearance was granted by the Hungarian authorities in April 1977 for the irradiation of limited quantities of onions with a maximum dose of 6 krad for human consumption. This time over 30,000 kg were treated for market testing and industrial processing purposes. In the relatively short space of time that Hungary has been involved in the irradiation of foods they have undertaken a considerable amount of basic research and developed close working contacts with institutes in other countries involved in related work. Now on the brink of commercial onion irradiation, the author summarises the results of recent research and economic assessments carried out at the Central Food Research Institute, Budapest, in relation to industrial scale onion irradiation and the culmination of these investigations in the design of a prototype onion irradiator. (orig.)

[en] Proper motions of the umbrae are compared with the structure of the magnetic field in the complex group of sunspots No. 420 from 20 to 27 October 1968. Maps of longitudinal and transverse magnetic field components and a series of photoheliograms have been obtained at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and at the Heliophysical Observatory in Debrecen (Hungary). The proper mot+ons are compared with the flare activity in the group too. It has been found, that spots in the p and f ends of the group move randomly with respect to the transversal magnetic field. At the same time in the centre of the group around the zero-line of the longitudinal field, the direction of movements is in good agreement with the direction of the transversal field. Around the zero-line and in the case of spots with large proper motion the effect of ''stretching out'' of magnetic field behind the moving spots is observed. The greatest flares in the group occur in the vicinity of the spot with the greatest speed of proper motion, and in some cases movements of spots in the direction to flares are observed

[en] The result of an experiment with irradiated frozen poultry meat is presented. The purpose of the experiment was to prove the benefit of irradiation treatment for elimination of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. We found that an average dose of 4.5 kGy kills the bacteria in the meat. Agroster was involved in an EU project on the identification of irradiation treatment of spices and data from this project are presented. Commercial irradiation of spices has been used for more than 15 years in Hungary, proving the benefit of this technology. (author)

[en] Changes in the structure of the sunspot group and its magnetic field are studied in Hale Region 17644 (May 1981) in connection with the May 16 3B/X1 flare. The characteristic changes, also found in HR 16850 (May 1980) and HR 17098 (September 1980), are the following: rapid motions of umbrae of opposite polarity in the vicinity of the magnetic zero line, parallel to this line, but in opposite direction. Appearance of new small spots before the flare, leading to a more complicated field structure. Simplification of the magnetic structure after the flare in some days, i.e., decrease of spot areas in the affected territory and the straightening of the magnetic zero line. 15 references

[en] AGROSTER Co irradiates food packaging material and some types of spices for the meat industry. The step by step strategy of AGROSTER has been very successful. In the last year, its gamma facility was used as much as possible to irradiate food items. The government of Hungary has recognized the benefit of this technology and has given financial assistance to establish a large commercial gamma irradiator in Budapest. (author)

[en] Seed grown onions of ''Alsogodi'' variety were harvested manually, partially defoliated, irradiated with a dose of 50 Gy at a throughput of 6 tons per hour in a pilot-irradiator specially designed for onions, and then stored at ambient conditions of temperature and humidity, together with non-irradiated onions. Texture, density, growth of inner bud, colour, storage losses and quality were determined. Results clearly demonstrated that irradiation for sprout inhibition has a favourable effect on maintaining good texture of onions during storage. By inhibiting the sprouting, no internal discolouration of the bud occurred during storage. This is important for the quality of fresh onions as well as for that of the final dried product, processed from fresh onions after various periods of storage. Due to sub-optimal initial quality of the onions and unsatisfactory control of storage conditions, total storage losses were too high, compared to the results of previous experiments. Yet, the beneficial effect of irradiation was demonstrated at the end of the considered storage period, since 55% of the irradiated and only 10% of the non-irradiated commodities were of acceptable marketing quality. Cost calculation based on 80% utilization of the pilot irradiator used in this study resulted in a treatment cost of 0.25 forint per kg, which is approximately 8% of the average purchasing price of onions in Hungary

[en] The connection between the structure of the penumbara and the magnetic field vector of the Sun was studied. Experimental data on the sunspot groups no. 207, 8-14 June 1969 and no. 420, 21-26 October 1968 were used. The resulting values of the magnetic field vector |H|, horizontal and vertical (to the solar surface) components, and angles of field to the local vertical of the solar surface agree well with general considerations about the structure of a magnetic field in active regions. From comparison of maps of absolute values of the magnetic field vector with drawings of the spot groups it was found, that the penumbra - photosphere boundary follows the isogauss line |H| approximately 500-1000 Gs in the case of complex groups too. The penumbral filaments are oriented mainly along the horizontal to the solar surface component of the field. The observed change for the worse of orientation of penumbral filaments with respect to the transversal to line of signt component of the field from the centre to the limb of the solar disk is caused by projection effect

[en] A revolving facility was made for the homogeneous superficial irradiation of spherical vegetables and fruits (apricot, peach, tomato, apple, etc.) with fast electrons. After the building of the technological apparatus described in detail, dosimetrical measurements were carried out by a Van de Graff generator of 2 MV and it was proved, that the superficial irradiation had a smaller effect on the quality of the fresh fruits, than of the stored ones. The developed apparatus can be altered according to the ripe-rate of the products. (K.A.)