[en] Determination of absolute full energy absorption peak efficiency(Detection efficiency) is an important step in the quantitative analysis of radioactive samples. And an attenuation effect of g-rays in arbitrary volume source, detector and adjacent materials should be considered in the detection efficiency calculation. Effective solid angle is corrected solid angle of attenuation effect to geometrical solid angle. Effective solid angle (ESA) code was developed for the detection efficiency calculation by effective solid angle concept. This code does not need of voluminous standard source of the same geometry and matrix with the real sample. Experimental measurement were carried out with a point standard g-ray sources and voluminous certified reference material(CRM) g-ray sources to validated the ESA code. In order to analyze the effect on detection efficiency calculation by variables that constitute the geometry, various medium, volume and shape of voluminous CRM was prepared. Relative efficiency 17 % p-type HPGe detector and relative efficiency 32 %, 63 % n-type HPGe detector were used to determine the detection efficiency of the standard g-ray sources. Measure the detection efficiency of the standard point g-ray sources and calculate the effective solid angle for the volume and point sources by ESA code. Determine detection efficiency for a given voluminous source geometry by using the ratio of effective solid angles and the measured detection efficiency of point source. we validated ESA code by comparing the detection efficiency of the experimental results and the code calculation

[en] For the various types of gamma-ray sources considering the geometrical effect and attenuation, determination of the full energy absorption peak efficiency(detection efficiency) is one of the important processes of the gamma-ray activation analysis. In this thesis, we extended the performance of the EXVol(Efficiency calculator for eXtended Voluminous source), which is a detection efficiency calculation code using the effective solid angle method. The previous EXVol only determined the detection efficiency of the source-detector coaxial structure for the whole volume source, but it is expanded of the performance so that the volume source could be calculated in both coaxial and asymmetric structure. In addition, the introduction of a collimator has made it possible to reduce the radiation intensity of a high radiation source. And it is possible to determine the precise detection efficiency according to the energy of a gamma ray at a specific position of the volume source.As the volume of the source increases, self-shielding effect of the source and fluctuation of uniformity of the source concentration according to the source position are a problem when determining the radioactivity. Also, as the position of the source moves away from the detector, the detection efficiency sharply decreases due to the reduction of the solid angle and the self-shielding effect. It occurs count rate saturation. The most efficient volume of detection (VMED) based on the equi-efficiency surface distribution in the source is defined and determined for the detector and the large volume source.To verify the performance of the EXVol, a high resolution gamma spectroscopy system was constructed and measurement and analysis were performed. Measurements were performed on coaxial, asymmetric and collimated structures with standard point source and standard volume source (1 L, liquid medium, cylindrical) and HPGe detector (efficiency 40%, N-type). And the measured results were compared with the calculation results of EXVol. The difference between the measurement and calculation in the coaxial and asymmetric structures was 10%, and the difference in the collimation structure was 20%

[en] This book gives descriptions of laser application such as what is laser? typical laser ; solid, gas and semiconductor laser, laser measurement, surveillance of air pollution, laser process, practical use of laser, laser nuclear fusion, medical application of laser, fiber communication, optical information processing like holography, application of optical information process technique in industry and safe use of laser, such as influence of laser light of human methods of safe use of laser.

[en] Ultrathin Gd metal was evaporated on GaAs surface covered with native oxides. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies revealed that GaAs-native oxides could be reduced during the deposition of Gd metal. However, the elemental forms of Ga and As were not observed but the oxidation of Gd metal was confirmed from LMM Auger electron spectra, Gd 3d _5/2, and O 1s photoelectron spectra. The Gd coated GaAs substrates were heated at 400 deg. C and Gd₂O₃ films were successively deposited with a well developed crystalline state. This reductive metal deposition prior to oxide formation improved interfacial quality of GaAs without previous chemical etching or passivation. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements at 1 MHz indicated that a good interfacial state between Gd₂O₃ and GaAs could be obtained appropriate for metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) applications through a two step deposition of Gd and Gd₂O₃

[en] This paper concerns on modal analysis of mechanical structures by using a continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. In modal analysis the Hilbert transform based approach is superior to the Fourier transform based approach because of its fine accuracy and its flexible experimental settings. In this paper the Hilbert transform based approach is extended to measure area mode shape data of a structure by simply modifying the scanning pattern ranging the entire surface of the structure. The effectiveness of this proposed method is illustrated along with results of numerical simulation for a rectangular plate

[en] Single crystals of two barium-organic framework materials, Ba(SBA)(DMF)_4 (CAUMOF-15) and Ba_2(BTEC)(H_2O) (CAUMOF-16), have been grown through solvothermal reactions (H_2SBA=4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid and H_4BTEC=1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid). The crystal structures of the reported frameworks have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The materials have been fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analyses, Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). CAUMOF-15 reveals a three-dimensional open-framework that comprises of an inorganic motif with one-dimensional chains and the SBA linkers. CAUMOF-16 shows another three-dimensional backbone consisting of layers of edge-shared BaO_9 and BaO_1_0 polyhedra, and BTEC pillars. Both of the 3D frameworks exhibit relatively high thermal stabilities. The PXRD and IR spectral data confirm that CAUMOF-15 and CAUMOF-16 reveal reversible coordinations of the respective solvent molecules, DMF and H_2O. Gas adsorption properties towards nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide have been also investigated. - Graphical abstract: Crystals of two new barium-organic frameworks, Ba(SBA)(DMF)_4 and Ba_2(BTEC)(H_2O), exhibiting a differential gas adsorption, a high thermal stability, and a reversible coordination of solvent molecules have been grown. - Highlights: • Crystals of two new 3D Ba-MOFs are grown. • The two Ba-MOFs reveal very high thermal stabilities up to ca. 400 °C. • Ba(SBA)(DMF)_4 exhibits differential gas adsorption properties. • The two Ba-MOFs show reversible coordination of the solvent molecules.

[en] Objective and Importance of the Project are to enhance radiation research and development capabilities by Strategic International Cooperation, Promote overseas expansion of radiation technology and active cooperation between the two countries, Field Training Curriculum Development for Domestic Radiation Technology human resource Development, Expand Export base and lead Human Resource Development of Radiation Technology by International Cooperation. Result of Project are IAEA Collaborating Centre, designation ARTI as official IAEA Collaborating Centre from 5.15.2012 to 5.14.2015 for radiation food processing, environmental treatment, and development of new materials. Operation of Human Resource Development are Establish the human network through the training and support of the developed countries and Expansion base of Radiation Technology through a variety of foreign assistance program.

[en] Korea established 'Design Basis Threat (DBT)' through 'Physical Protection Council' in December 2009. It is important to establish the latest protection measures based on the result of risk assessment in which the risk of domestic nuclear facilities is evaluated based on DBT. Therefore, in this study, a methodology is proposed to improve the effectiveness and reliability of a physical protection system by using probabilistic methodology based on stochastic process to evaluate the risk of nuclear facilities. The most used methodology for finding neutralization probability is markov chain model. Based on that neutralization probability is proportional to the number of shooters of each troop if weapon systems and degree of training are identical between each troop, the probability can be obtained. In this paper, the different method was proposed that the troop capacity over time can be predicted by using the Lanchester equation based on the stochastic process theory which predicts troop capacity by using differential equations. Since Lanchester equation has the limitation that the average shooting time as a constant value is used in simulation for predicting the probability, the shooting interval time as a probability distribution was developed to improve the reliability of the probability. However, the limitation that it can only simulate the engagement between an infiltrating enemy and a reaction force with a single weapon system, an engagement of two groups with mixed weapon systems is difficult to simulate still exists.

[en] To compare radiation dose of the brain and lens among various conventional whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) techniques. Treatment plans for WBRT were generated with planning computed tomography scans of 11 patients. A traditional plan with an isocenter located at the field center and a parallel anterior margin at the lateral bony canthus was generated (P1). Blocks were automatically generated with a 1 cm margin on the brain (5 mm for the lens). Subsequently, the isocenter was moved to the lateral bony canthus (P2), and the blocks were replaced into the multileaf collimator (MLC) with a 5 mm leaf width in the craniocaudal direction (P3). For each patient plan, 30 Gy was prescribed at the isocenter of P1. Dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters of the brain and lens were compared by way of a paired t-test. Mean values of Dmax and V105 of the brain in P1 were 111.9% and 23.6%, respectively. In P2 and P3, Dmax and V105 of the brain were significantly reduced to 107.2% and 4.-4.6%, respectively (p<0.001). The mean value of Dmean of the lens was 3.1 Gy in P1 and 2.4-2.9 Gy in P2 and P3 (p<0.001). WBRT treatment plans with an isocenter located at the lateral bony canthus have dosimetric advantages for both the brain and lens without any complex method changes.

[en] A (Gd₂O₃)_1-x(SiO₂)_x (x = 0.5) gate dielectric film was deposited on an n-GaAs (0 0 1) substrate at various substrate temperatures. Bonding distribution of interfacial Ga and As was characterized by comparing the 3d and 3p photoelectron lines. Surface passivation using (NH₄)₂S was employed to preserve a stable interface. Interfacial GaAs oxide was not formed after the deposition, since bonding transition from As-S to Ga-S bonds provides thermal stability and protective effect against oxidation. While, without the passivation, interfacial GaAs-oxides were continuously grown as the substrate temperature was increased. The energy band gap of (Gd₂O₃)_0.5(SiO₂)_0.5 was defined as 6.8 eV using energy loss spectra of O 1s photoelectrons. The valence band maximum energy (E_VBM) of (Gd₂O₃)_0.5(SiO₂)_0.5 was determined to be 3.7 eV. By arrangement of the measured energy bandgap and E_VBM, the energy band structure of (Gd₂O₃)_0.5(SiO₂)_0.5/GaAs system was demonstrated and an enhanced conduction band offset was observed