[en] Coal and Renewables (especially solar and wind) are likely to dominate India’s energy mix for quite some time. India is blessed with solar radiation in most parts of the country, and costs are falling rapidly. It is conceivable that power-generation using renewables is likely to come close to 50% by 2030. While this could be great for India, the intermittent power-generation through wind and solar would imply that power-available may fluctuate. Battery Storage could be an answer. Even though cost of Battery Storage is falling rapidly, grid-level storage to arrest power-generation fluctuation would push the prices of electric power beyond “affordability” in India. The other answer is demand side load-management to significantly off-set the supply variation without impacting living and working style significantly. The paper briefs on design of power-system in multi-storied commercial complexes, which would make its electrical load respond to power-surplus and power-deficit scenarios on the grid. When the grid has surplus power, the building would consume power to its full extent, but when there is power-deficit, it will consume minimally. Such buildings are being built today, and if tariffs are designed to benefit commercial complexes which adhere to the above principal, their adoption would be speeded up. The key is that it would benefit the grid, while benefitting the commercial complexes. Besides presenting the concept and designs of power-systems in such buildings, the paper presents some simulation results and some initial measurements on power-consumed in different situations in one such building. The paper also presents some initial idea on how this approach can be extended to powering entire residential and commercial sector.

[en] Analysis of frontier orbitals of sildenafil has been carried using Density Functional Theory. On the basis of HOMO-LUMO energy, values of global chemical reactivity descriptors such as electronegativity, chemical hardness, softness, chemical potential, electrophilicity index have been calculated. Calculated values of dipole moment, polarizability, hyperpolarizability have also been reported for sildenafil along with its thermodynamic parameters.

[en] The optimized geometry and electronic structure of an organic compound nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetra sodium salt have been investigated using density functional theory. We have also optimized the structure of nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetra sodium salt in dimethyl sulfoxide to study effects of solvent on the electronic structure and transitions. Experimentally, the electronic transitions have been studied using UV-VIS spectroscopic technique. It is observed that the electronic transitions obtained from the theoretical studies generally agree with the experiment.

[en] The aim of the present study is to evaluate diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) as a tool for detecting diffuse axonal injury in patients of acute, mild, and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), using two diffusion variables: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). The correlation of these indices with the severity of post-concussive symptoms was also assessed. Nineteen patients with acute, mild, or moderate TBI and twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Following Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on a 3.0-T scanner, DTT was performed using the ‘fiber assignment by continuous tracking’ (FACT) algorithm for fiber reconstruction. Appropriate statistical tools were used to see the difference in FA and MD values between the control and patient groups. In the latter group, the severity of post-concussive symptoms was assessed six months following trauma, using the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ). The patients displayed significant reduction in FA compared to the controls (P < 0.05) in several tracts, notably the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral uncinate fasciculus, and bilateral superior thalamic radiations. Changes in MD were statistically significant in the left uncinate, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and left posterior thalamic radiation. A strong correlation between these indices and the RPSQ scores was observed in several white matter tracts. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based quantitative analysis in acute, mild, and moderate TBI can identify axonal injury neuropathology, over and above that visualized on conventional MRI scans. Furthermore, the significant correlation observed between FA and MD indices and the severity of post-concussive symptoms could make it a useful predictor of the long-term outcome

[en] Purpose: The objective of this article is to review the sources, effects and remedies of the artifacts that are controlled by operator variable parameters. Protocol error artifacts include susceptibility, ferromagnetic, truncation, aliasing, chemical shift, black boundary, cross-talk, partial volume averaging, and saturation artifacts. All these artifacts are simulated/developed in-house along with a few uncommonly seen artifacts. Also, the effectiveness of various remedial measures for all these artifacts has been demonstrated. Results: Susceptibility, ferromagnetic, and black boundary artifacts can be reduced by using spin echo (SE) pulse sequence. Susceptibility and ferromagnetic artifacts are minimized by altering time-to-echo (TE), though chemical shift artifact (CSA) may turn into black boundary artifact and vice versa when TE is varied. By employing three-dimensional (3D) volume acquisitions susceptibility, ferromagnetic and partial volume averaging (PVA) artifacts can be reduced. Field of view (FOV) has an effect on aliasing, CSA and PVA artifacts, whereas by proper selection of phase encoding and frequency-encoding axes, susceptibility, ferromagnetic, aliasing and CSA can be overcome. Conclusions: These artifacts can usually be ameliorated or avoided by altering parameters that are under operator control and employing remedial measures, thus maintaining good image quality and avoiding diagnostic errors, thereby enhancing the usefulness of MRI in clinical practice