[en] Neutral beams are the primary source of auxiliary plasma heating in the DIII-D Tokamak. Part of the beam power passes through the plasma and is deposited on the wall of the tokamak (shine-through power) and does not contribute to plasma heating. It is therefore crucial to know the shine-through power in order to give an accurate account of the total power deposited in the plasma. The authors have recently remeasured the shine-through power using data taken from thermocouples embedded in the beam target tiles of the tokamak vessel. The tile temperature rise was correlated to the injected beam power. A dependence of the tile temperature rise don the initial tile temperature has been empirically measured and accounted for in order to obtain a more accurate determination of the shine-through beam power. Measurements of the shine-through beam power as a function of plasma density and beam energy confirm that shine-through power decreases exponentially with plasma density, and increases linearly with beam energy

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[en] Neutral beams are the primary source of auxiliary plasma heating in the DIII-D Tokamak. Part of the beam power passes through the plasma and is deposited on the wall of the tokamak (shine-through power) and does not contribute to plasma heating. It is therefore crucial to know the shine-through power in order to given an accurate account of the total power deposited in the plasma. The authors have recently remeasured the shine-through power using data taken from thermocouples embedded in the beam target tiles of the tokamak vessel. The tile temperature rise was correlated to the injected beam power. A dependence of the tile temperature rise on the initial tile temperature has been empirically measured and accounted for in order to obtain a more accurate determination of the shine-through beam power. Measurements of the shine-through beam power as a function of plasma density and beam energy confirm that shine-through power decreases exponentially with plasma density, and increases linearly with beam energy

[en] We have investigated the origin of sidebranching in interfacial dynamics by considering the growth of a Saffman-Taylor finger with anisotropy. We find that in the absence of noise there are no sidebranches. White noise and periodic noise produce well-defined sidebranching

[en] Human type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) are a family of moderately related polypeptides that bind a single cell-surface receptor on most (if not all) human nucleated cells. Cells treated with IFN respond by a profound alteration of their metabolic profile, including cessation of cellular proliferation and induction of the antiviral state. RNA transcription and protein synthesis are necessary to bring about these metabolic changes, with perhaps 10-15 genes being involved in the immediate response, as judged from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [³⁵S]methionine-labeled proteins. One of the earliest responses to IFN treatment is the transcriptional activation of a set of previously quiescent genes. Various laboratories working on IFN have identified some nine different human genes transcriptionally activated by IFN. The authors have studied in detail the transcriptional activation of three such genes (ISG54, ISG56, and ISG15) and found that the transcriptional profile of these genes shows immediate although transient activation to very high levels of transcription from virtually undetectable basal levels of transcription, followed by eventual return to pretreatment levels of transcription. In this paper, they summarize the progress made toward understanding the IFN-induced transcriptional regulation

[en] We present first systematic numerical simulation results which show a strong indication of phase transitions, in both 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions, between weak-coupling and strong-coupling regimes in a surface-growth model. A modified ballistic deposition model is used to demonstrate the transitions and the roughness scaling exponent is measured. While the transition in 3+1 dimensions confirms the prediction of the renormalization-group analysis, the one in 2+1 dimensions had not been previously anticipated and exhibits a complex critical behavior

[en] Approximations to the density matrix of a Fermi gas in an external potential by Baltin and by Balazs and Zipfel are shown to be closely related. Predictions for the kinetic energy density using these approximations are compared to exact solutions for two harmonic oscillator problems and for Woods-Saxon wave functions in the lead nucleus. In all three cases, the approximations yield substantial systematic discrepancies, indicating that they are inadequate for quantitative description of the nuclear density matrix

[en] We study the roughness of aggregates that are formed by ballistic deposition with nonzero flux density of incoming particles. The flux density is controlled by a parameter 0≤p≤1. The scaling behavior of the interfacial width ξ does not depend on p and is the same as ξ found in a variety of other, related models. For short times ξproportionalt/sup 1/3/ for a one-dimensional substrate and ξproportionalt/sup 0.22/ for two-dimensional ones. The latter is not consistent with various theoretical predictions. Rough numerical estimates for the long-time exponent are also presented. In addition, we derive a relation between the width of the geometrical boundary of the aggregate and the width of the active region of growth. This relation, true for models in which the active zone is asymptotically correlated to the surface of the aggregate, is verified by our simulations

[en] Results of an experiment to measure muonic transition energies in separated lead isotopes are presented. The main results are as follows: 1. Muonic spectra of the four lead isotopes ²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb were studied with high resolution. No anomalous splitting or broadening of the lines was detected. The effect of the natural linewidth could, however, be observed. 2. An anomaly was found in the 3d fine structure splitting whose measured value turned out to be larger than the calculated value by nearly 300 eV (or 10 standard deviations) in all four isotopes. 3. Except for this anomaly, the lower levels of muonic lead can be described adequately with the help of a two-parameter Fermi distribution of the nuclear charge. There is no evidence in the x-ray data for a central depression in the nuclear density. 4. We determine the nuclear polarization in the ground state of all four isotopes of lead and find values ranging from -7.3 plus-or-minus 2.2 to -10.1 plus-or-minus 1.1 keV, which are somewhat higher than, but not inconsistent with, the best theoretical predictions of -6.8 plus-or-minus 2.0 keV. This analysis is made possible by our ability to measure the weak transitions involving the 2s level. 5. We find a slight and regular increase in nuclear density, going from ²⁰⁴Pb to ²⁰⁸Pb. The skin-thickness parameter t appears, however, to be practically the same in all four isotopes measured

[en] The early stages of growth of highly strained In_xGa_1-xAs on GaAs(100) have been investigated as a function of composition. The evolution of the film microstructure as determined by in situ STM and RHEED is from a two-dimensional rippled surface in the beginning stages of growth to a three-dimensional island morphology. A growth mode is proposed whereby strain relaxation is initially achieved through the kinetically limited evolution of surface morphology. In contrast to traditional critical-thickness theories, significant strain relief is accommodated by a coherent island morphology. This study represents a new view for both the growth mode and initial strain relaxation in thin films