[en] A global plasma energy balance model has been investigated. The turbulent transport coefficients due to instability of trapped particles are used. It is shown that there exist steady-state conditions with temperature below 20 keV. The operation mode providing the maximum specific power for a given thermal flux to the wall has been found. For various values of injected power, the time-dependent tokamak reactor characteristics have been obtained

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No abstract available

[en] A model relationship for the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity is used in defining an exact solution for the steady-state heat balance in an hf discharge in a dense plasma; the voltage--current characteristic for the resistive load induced by the plasma in the coil circuit is used. A study is made of the stability of the balance under perturbations in the mean plasma temperature. It is found that the stability is dependent on the form of the load characteristic of the power supply to the coil. The induced resistance can show instability on the falling branch in relation to perturbations inhomogeneous along the axis of the coil even when the instability under perturbations in the mean plasma temperature is eliminated, which results in the discharge separating into two phases with different plasma parameters

[en] An approximated method for the numerical solution of a plasma MHD equilibrium task in a tokamak has been suggested. At that, the equation determining the equilibrium in axial-symmetrical toroidal systems is considered as the Eulerian-Ostrogradsky equation for a functional variation. The two-parametric task where sections of magnetic surfaces are ellipses with an arbitrary ratio of semiaxes has been considered as an example

[en] The stability of thermal balance of an electric arc is investigated in a dense, weakly ionized plasma. Radiation and the difference between the electron and gas temperatures are taken into account. Two cases are considered: discharge stabilized by planar walls, and cylindrical discharge. It is shown that planar discharge, stabilized by an external circuit, is insensitive at the declining portion of the current--voltage characteristics to the temperature perturbation varying along the walls across the electric field. It is suggested that the result of development of this instability is the effect of one-dimensional arc contraction. It is shown that the cylindrical arc is stable to perturbations of this shape

[en] The stability of a flow of incompressible electrically conducting fluid in a channel is considered for the case in which there is an entropy gradient due to Joule dissipation. The device is a Faraday generator, the Hall parameter is zero, and the electrical conductivity of the medium is an exponential function of the temperature. The solution is found by means of a series expansion with allowance for the A⁴ terms, where A⁴ is the square of the oscillation amplitude of the dimensionless velocity. Special cases are considered and the effective electrical conductivity of the medium and the effective load factor are calculated

[en] Instability of the non-equilibrium MHD-flow of the superheating-convective type when the temperature of electrons definining the electric conductivity of the medium differs from that of heavy particles is considered in the framework of two-component hydrodynamics. Such deviation of the temperature of electrons in the MHD-generator takes place at a strong Hall effect, which causes its consideration in this work. The equation of the flow stability boundary and oscillation frequency on it are obtained on considering the equation for small perturbations and that for dispersion. It has been found that the Hall effect decreases and non-equilibrity increases the stability of flow

[en] The processes occurring in an electroconductive fluid in a magnetic field and subjected to an electric current flowing through it are discussed. In a fluid whose electrical conductivity rises with temperature, a phenomenon similar to free convection occurs when the entropy drops along the direction of the force j times B. The joint action of this phenomenon and the overheating instability which also stems from the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and the effect of electromagnetic braking is considered. In this case, the criterion of stability is obtained. Instability in the form of free convection also appears due to a Hall current j/subH/ flowing along the electrodes of a magnetohydrodynamic channel when a high temperature gradient occurs along the direction of the force j/subH/ times B. The instability arises near the cathode and the appearance of one is determined by the value of a dimensionless parameter identical to the Rayleigh number Ra = (dlnsigma/dT) g tilde l⁴ vertical-bardeltaTvertical-bar /νchi where g tilde = j/subH/ B/rho plays the role of the gravitational acceleration and dlnsigma/dT plays the role of the expansion coefficient

[en] A nonlinear analysis is given of the oscillations of the magnetohydrodynamic flow instability caused by the dependence of the conductivity on the temperature. The effect of the flow parameters is studied