[en] A set of parameters for standing wave free electron laser two beam accelerators (SWFEL/TBA) is evaluated for realistic cavity geometry taking into account beam-break-up and the sensitivity of output power to imperfections. Also given is a power extraction system using cavity coupled wave guides

[en] To determine the more valuable information to detect the mandibular canal and the mental foramen in panoramic radiographs of a selected Korean population for the implant. This study analysed 288 panoramic radiographic images of patients taken at the Dental hospital of Chosun University retrospectively. Indirect digital panoramic X-ray machine (ProlineXC, PLANMECA, Finland) with processing by using Directview CR950 (Kodak, U.S.A.) and Direct digital panoramic X-ray machine (Promax, PLANMECA, Finland) were used for all exposures. All images were converted into Dicom format. The common position of the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (68.1%). The mental foramen was lower symmetrical in 81.8% of cases. The mandibular canal was not identified at anterior portion and discontinued with the mental foramen in 27.8% of all cases, in 42.4% identified with lower border line continued with the mental foramen, in 14.6% with both upper and lower border lines, and in 15.3% unilaterally identified with lower border line. Clinicians can estimate the upper border line of the mandibular canal from the confirmation of the mental foramen and the lower border line of the mandibular canal symmetrically on the panoramic radiography taken in adjusted midsaggital plane of patient's head

[en] Safety Parameter Display and Evaluation System+ (SPADES+) was implemented to meet the requirements for Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS) which are related to TMI Action Plan requirements. SPADES+ monitors continuously the critical safety function during normal, abnormal, and emergency operation mode and generates the alarm output to the alarm server when the tolerance related to safety functions are not satisfied. The alarm algorithm for critical safety function is performed in the NSSS Application Software (NAPS) server of the Information Process System (IPS) and the calculation result will be displayed on the flat panel display (FPD) of the IPS. SPADES+ provides the critical variable to the control room operators to aid them in rapidly and reliable determining the safety status of the plant. Many database point ID names (518 points) were changed. POINT_ID is used in the programming source code, the related documents such as SDS and SRS, and Graphic database. To reduce human errors, computer program and office program’s Macro are used. Though the automatic methods are used for changing POINT_IDs, it takes lots of time to resolve for editing the change list except for making computerized solutions. In IPS, there are many more programs than SPADES+ and over 30,000 POINT_IDs are in IPS database. Changing POINT_IDs could be a burden to software engineers. In case of Ovation system database, there is the Alias field to prevent this kind of problem. The Alias is a kind of secondary key in database

[en] Impaction of third molar is a common developmental abnormality. However, ectopic impaction of the mandibular third molar in condylar region is an extremely rare condition. This report describes a case of impacted tooth in the mandibular condyle without any associated pathologic condition. Also, this report presents the spatial relationship of the impacted mandibular third molar to the surrounding anatomic structures using cone beam computed tomography.

[en] While the development of the future Korean nuclear reactor system design will be solely pursued by KAERI, new technologies from foreign vendors will also be continuously monitored and adapted through joint R and D program and/or system design participation. Starting from Joint System Design with CE for Yen 3 and 4 in 1986, KAERI has been putting extensive efforts on the technical self reliance for NSLS system design through the Korean Standardization Project, technology transfer and system design support. Today, KAERI find itself as sole responsible NSLS system designer for UCH 3 and 4, which are the first ever units to be designed and constructed with Korean technology. Even though the Yen 3 and 4 design has already adapted several improved design features relative to CE System 80, KAERI has been further investigating 16 advanced design features (ADCs) and has selected those which are more feasible for the Korean situation through the Phase II and III of Korean Standardization Program. In UCH 3 and 4, in order to cope with the tight project schedule, only 10 ADCs have been adapted among them. However, KAERI will continue to develop not only those remaining 5 ADCs from Kp but also other ADCs developed by ABB.-CE so that they can be incorporated into future Korean PWRs, including Yen 5 and 6. In addition to this evolutionary plant development, the revolutionary (passive) reactor project has been initiated and actively pursued from this year. Since this project has just begun, there is a need to further define what should be done. However, its first goal will be focused on the feasibility study of the development of 600 MW or larger passive reactors and the 'PASSIVIZATION' of the current Korean Standardized Plant.

[en] To classify and describe the characteristic features of MRI of some ameloblastoma variants. The MR images, CT images, and panoramic radiographs in 5 cases were retrospectively examined as follows. First, the contents of ameloblastomas were divided into two portions of either solid or cystic components on the basis of MR signal intensities. The signal intensity within the solid or cystic portions was classified as homogeneous or heterogenous. Next, the characteristic internal feature of the lesion in T1W1 or T2W1 was described. The signal intensities were classified into low, intermediate, slightly high, high, and strong high signal intensity. Uni cystic lesion showed homogeneous high signal intensity (SI) on T2W2 and the rim enhancement of the surrounding area including the mural nodule and the thick wall except the central portion on Gd-T1W1. Solid type revealed heterogeneous and high SI area with strong high SI area on T2W2. On Gd-T1W1, the area corresponding to the low signal spot on T1W1 and the strong high signal spot on T2W1 showed low SI. Hybrid type showed slightly enhanced capsular structures and low SI for the round bony septa and the areas connecting the mixed and cystic lesions on T2W1 and Gd-T1W1. MRI could easily assess the relationship between the mixed and cystic findings in ameloblastoma.

[en] It is important to determine the bucco-lingual inclination of implants on radiographs before the implant surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the buccolingual inclination in alveolar bone and the tooth with dental cone beam CT and to prepare the standard for the buccolingual inclination of implant. Axial, panoramic, and buccolingually sectioned images of 80 implant cases with stent including straight marker using CB Mercuray^TM (Hitachi, Japan) were evaluated. The comparison of the buccolingual inclination of remained alveolar bone with the tooth and the marker on buccolingually sectioned views was performed statistically. The average buccolingual inclination of remained alveolar bone and tooth was 82.8 ± 4.6 .deg. C and 85.8 ± 4.7 .deg. C (p<0.05, r=0.96) at the 1st molar area and 76.4 ± 1.7 .deg. C and 82.7 ± 1.7 .deg. C respectively (p>0.05, r=0.12) at the 2nd premolar area in upper jaw. The average buccolingual inclination of remained alveolar bone and tooth was 81.3 ± 8.3 .deg. C and 87.5 ± 6.3 .deg. C (p>0.05, r=0.85) at the lower 2nd premolar area and 94.3 ± 6.6 .deg. C and 93.3 ± 7.2 .deg. C respectively (p>0.05, r=0.91) at the 1st molar area in lower jaw. The inclinations of markers were very different from those of remained bone at the most of areas except the upper 2nd premolar area (r=0.79). We recommend dental CBCT analysis for determining the buccolingual inclination of dental implant, because of significant difference, in average, between the buccolingual inclination of remained alveolar bone and tooth.

[en] Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancer worldwide, primarily affecting those in regions with a high prevalence of viral hepatitis. However, the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the oral cavity is a rare phenomenon. This report presents a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the left mandibular angle and ramus region of a 62-year-old man. Panoramic radiograph revealed an ill-defined radiolucent lesion extending from the retained root of the mandibular left second molar into the ascending ramus. The lesion had irregular and ill-defined margins.

[en] Our study of the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) systems shows that low-density electrons may occupy a 3D Fermi surface and high-density holes a 2D surface in proton-irradiated HOPG while both carriers occupy a 2D Fermi surface in virgin HOPG. No massless Dirac fermions were evidenced by the SdH oscillations both in virgin HOPG and in proton-irradiated HOPG. Following the examination of the recent controversy on massless Dirac fermions in HOPG, we find that even a small amount of acceptor-like defects may play an important role in the interpretation of SdH oscillations.

[en] To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs using fractal analysis. Also, the capabilities of fractal analysis as bone analysis techniques were compared with those of histomorphometric analysis. A total of 24 implants were inserted in 6 dogs. After a 3-months, experimental periimplantitis characterized by a bone loss of about 3 mm was established by inducing with wires. Surgical treatment involving flap procedure, debridement of implants surface with chlorhexidine and saline (group 1), guided bone regeneration (GBR) with absorbable collagen membrane and mineralized bone graft (group 2), and CO2 laser application with GBR (group 3) were performed. After animals were sacrificed in 8 and 16 weeks respectively, bone sections including implants were made. Fractal dimensions were calculated by box-counting method on the skeletonized images, made from each region of interest, including five screws at medial and distal aspects of implant, were selected. Statistically significant differences in the fractal dimensions between the group 1 (0.9340 ± 0.0126) and group 3 (0.9783 ± 0.0118) at 16 weeks were found (P<0.05). The fractal dimension was statistically significant different between 8 (0.9395 ± 0.0283) and 16 weeks in group 3 (P<0.05). These results were similar with the result of the evaluation of new bone formation in histomorphometric analysis. Treatment of experimental peri-implantitis by using CO2 laser with GBR is more useful than other treatments in the formation of new bone and also the tendency of fractal dimension to increase relative to healing time may be a useful means of evaluating.