[en] Written from the basis of neutrality, neither for nor against nuclear power this book considers whether there are special features of nuclear power which mean that its development should be either promoted or restrained by the State. The author makes it dear that there are no easy answers to the questions raised by the intervention of nuclear power but calls for openness in the nuclear decision making process. First, the need for energy is considered; most people agree that energy is the power to progress. Then the historicalzed background to the current position of nuclear power is given. Further chapters consider the fuel cycle, environmental impacts including carbon dioxide emission and the greenhouse effect, the costs, safety and risks and waste disposal. No conclusion either for or against nuclear power is made. The various shades of opinion are outlined and the arguments presented so that readers can come to their own conclusions. (UK)

[en] Experiment E155 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center measured the longitudinal and transverse polarized deep-inelastic scattering asymmetries for the proton and deuteron using longitudinally-polarized electron beams with energies of 48.3 GeV and 38.8 GeV, respectively. The electron beam polarization was measured by Moeller polarimetry to be 0.81 ± 0.02. Dynamically-polarized solid ¹⁵NH₃ and ⁶Li²H were used as the target materials. The scattered electrons were detected in three independent spectrometers at 2.75^o, 5.5^o, and 10.5^o, covering a kinematic range of 0.014 (le) x (le) 0.9 and 1.0(GeV/c)² (le) Q² (le) 40(GeV/c)². The 10.5^o spectrometer was constructed for this experiment. The structure functions G₁^p and G₁^d were extracted from the asymmetry data, and, in combination with world data, were fit in next-to-leading order perturbative QCD. The Q² dependence of g₁ differed slightly from that of F₁. The g₁ results are consistent with the Bjorken sum rule. The structure functions g₂^p and g₂^d were extracted from the asymmetry data, and were used to extract the twist-3 reduced matrix elements d₂^p, d₂^d, and d₂ⁿ

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No abstract available

[en] The study of solids has advanced significantly in the past 20 years through the use of photoelectron spectroscopy. Synchrotron radiation has made important contributions to photoelectron spectroscopy through both its tunability and high fluxes in otherwise inaccessible photon energy ranges. This paper will discuss recent synchrotron-based instrumental developments which have brought high spatial resolution to photoelectron spectroscopy. Such developments will ultimately allow photoemission investigations of sub-micron areas. Applications of these new techniques to micro-chemical analysis and micro-EXAFS of surfaces are demonstrated. (author)

[en] Inclusive measurements of the Li, Be, B, C, N and O isotopes produced by the ¹⁶O +²⁷Al reaction were made at 96, 110 and 125 MeV bombarding energies. Energy spectra containing isotopes of C, N and O were extracted from the event data and compared to 2 and 3-body Serber calculations. At 96 and 110 MeV, the 3-body predictions agree well with the broad structureless ¹²C energy distribution up to 85 MeV, while 2-body calculations appear to predict the gross structure of ¹⁴N spectra at all three energies better than the 3-body calculations. Excited states in both the ejectile and residual, indicative of single nucleon transfer, were seen in the ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O and ¹⁷F spectra

[en] The process of justifying particular populations of nuclear steam generators tubes for return-to-service after completion of their periodic inspection and repair programs is often perceived as being steeped in complexity. There seems to be no aspect which does not require convoluted explanations, worst case scenarios, masses of statistics, and huge analytical projections, all in exhaustive detail. NDE inspections deliver enormous volumes of data, engineering analysts perform intricate simulations of defect progress and complex justifications are developed to support the return-to-service case at hand. All of these complexities can be put into perspective with the relatively simple and already existing concept of the Conditioning Monitoring/Operational Assessment or Fitness for Service Assessment Diagram. This concept, perhaps with variations of terminology, underlies the approach used in most programs. Also, it is applicable to any critical component subject to defect growth; therefore, it applies to nuclear plant components other than steam generator tubing and to equipment in industries other than nuclear. The paper describes how the various aspects of defect data, measurement accuracy, growth rate, maximum tolerable flaw size, size and growth rate data distributions, and outliers of all types can be put into perspective using the diagram. The intent is not to detract from the expertise of the specialists in this vital area, nor to detract from their work which is necessarily intensive and extensive but to provide a means of putting their critically important individual findings into context within the overall picture. After all, the value of any assessment, analysis or data element is in its ability to reinforce the respective return-to-service case; and the clearer and better understood the relationships among the elements, the stronger the case. (author)

[en] The study of solids has advanced significantly in the past 20 years through the use of photoelectron spectroscopy. Synchrotron radiation has made important contributions to photoelectron spectroscopy through both its tunability and high fluxes in otherwise inaccessible photon energy ranges. This paper discusses recent synchrotron-based instrumental developments which have brought high spatial resolution to photoemission investigations of sub-micron areas. Applications of these new techniques to micro-chemical analysis and micro-EXAFS of surfaces are demonstrated

[en] The principles and some of the difficulties in quantitative positron emission computerized tomography have been discussed. We have shown that randoms and scattered events are a major cause of noise and counting errors in positron emission computerized tomography. The noise has been identified as a convoluting process and a mathematical solution has been presented. Examples of phantom studies and in vivo measurements have demonstrated that the distribution of positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals can be quantitated with much improved accuracy using the deconvolution equation to remove undesired noise

[en] The principles and some of the difficulties in quantitative positron emission computerized tomography have been discussed. It was shown that randoms and scattered events are a major cause of noise and counting errors in positron emission computerized tomography. The noise has been identified as a convoluting process and a mathematical solution has been presented. Examples of phantom studies and in vivo measurements have demonstrated that the distribution of positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals can be quantitated with much improved accuracy using the deconvolution equation to remove undesired noise