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AbstractAbstract
[en] Quality being a prime requirement, manufacturers have to guarantee the operating reliability of components throughout their entire, specified serviceable life. This guarantee requires full knowledge of the conditions determining the service life of components and installations as a function of the material, the temperature and the operational loads. With the example of some selected steels (X8CrNiNb 16 13, X8CrNiTi 1810) it could be shown for the case of uniaxial specimens that the activation energy is a means permitting to establish the interrelationship between stress, temperature and period elapsed until a defined strain is established or fracture occurs. Stress activation energy graphs or stress activation energy functions permit the assessment of the ultimate service life or other critical events. With the aid of the activation energy, it should be possible to measure and monitor the remaining service life, and also to characterise critical processes in the materials under conditions of multiaxial stress. (orig./MM)
[de]
Die Forderung nach Qualitaet zwingt dazu, die Betriebssicherheit von Bauteilen und Anlagen fuer die geplante Nutzungsdauer zu garantieren. Voraussetzung dafuer ist die Kenntnis der werkstoff-, temperatur- und belastungsabhaengigen Lebensdauer von Bauteilen und Anlagen. Es konnte am Beispiel ausgewaehlter Staehle (X8CrNiNb 16 13, X8CrNiTi 1810) gezeigt werden, dass es fuer einachsig belastete Proben moeglich ist, den Zusammenhang zwischen Spannung, Temperatur und der Zeitdauer bis zum Erreichen einer definierten Dehnung oder des Zerreissens mit Hilfe der Aktivierungsenergie herzustellen. Beanspruchungs-Aktivierungsenergie-Schaubilder bzw. -Funktionen erlauben die Abschaetzung der Lebensdauer oder anderer kritsicher Ereignisse. Mit Hilfe der Aktivierungsenergie sollte es moeglich sein, den 'Verbrauch an Lebensdauer' zu kontrollieren und auch kritische Ereignisse unter mehrachsigen Spannungszustaenden zu charakterisieren. (orig./MM)Original Title
Beitrag zur beanspruchungsgerechten Werkstoffpruefung mit Hilfe der Aktivierungsenergie
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Secondary Subject
Source
Deutscher Verband fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung e.V., Berlin (Germany); 429 p; 1992; p. 405-414; Materials testing symposium: Progress in testing and quality assurance; Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung ueber Werkstoffpruefung: Fortschritte in Prueftechnik und Qualitaetssicherung; Bad Nauheim (Germany); 3-4 Dec 1992; Available from TIB Hannover: RO 1685(1992)
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Miscellaneous
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Conference
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Porteanu, H.; Koch, F.
Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik. Funding organisation: Bundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)1996
Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik. Funding organisation: Bundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)1996
AbstractAbstract
[en] Superconducting YbCO-layers on various substrates (MgO, Si und GaAs) were investigated at 35 GHz and in the temperature range from Tc to 4.2 K. For films on semiconductor substrates it was found that for thickness≤100 nm the leakage transmission into the semiconductor is so large that their application in an integrated super-semi-conductor arrangement makes little sense. Successful measurements were made of an effective surface resistance which combines transmission losses and resistive dissipation by using a TE011-resonator is a conventional arrangement (film thickness 200, 300 and 400 nm on MgO). The comparison makes clear that Rs includes transmission losses. The intrinsic resistance Rs(T) and the penetration depth λL(T) cannot be determined simultaneously in such an experiment. We have developped a microwave Fabry-Perot type of measurement for this purpose. In this arrangement the wavefield are transformed into a circularly polarized mode and coupled via impedance transforming resonators to the main cavity. With this three resonant cavities arrangement we have succeeded in obtaining the resonant Fabry-Perot transmission signal and with it we determine both Rs(T) and λL(T). The variation of these quantities for the best of the TBCO on MgO substrates closely follows the behaviours for single crystals. It provides the first such evidence for thin films. We report the measurement of surface impedance changes caused by a magnetic field using the triple resonator Fabry-Perot system. (orig.)
[de]
Supraleitende YBCO-Schichten auf verschiedenen Substraten (MgO, Si und GaAs, jeweils mit Pufferschichten), hergestellt nach dem Aufdampfverfahren der Gruppe H. Kinder, wurden auf ihre Eigenschaften bei Mikrowellenfrequenzen im 8 mm Band untersucht und vermessen im Temperaturbereich Tc-4,2 K. Bei den Schichten auf Halbleitersubstraten wurde festgestellt, dass fuer Dicken im Bereich 50-100 nm derart hohe Transmissionsverluste durch die Schicht in den Halbleiter entstehen, dass ihre Anwendung in integrierten Supraleiter-Halbleiter-Anordnungen nicht sinnvoll ist. Erfolgreiche Messungen charakterisiert werden, wurden mit einem TE011-Resonator in konventioneller Anordnung an Schichten mit einer Dicke von 200, 300 und 400 nm auf MgO der Transmissionsverluste beinhaltet. Eine Bestimmung der Variation des intrinsischen Widerstands Rs(T) und der Londonschen Eindringtiefe λL(T) ist mit der einfachen Resonatortechnik nicht moeglich. Es wird eine Mikrowellen-Fabry-Perot-Anordnung mit Ein- und Auskoppelresonatoren entwickelt und erprobt, die die Wellenfelder in eine zirkulare Mode transformieren und eine Impedanzanpassung an die Fabry-Perot-Anordnung ermoeglichen. Mit dieser gelingt es selbst an duennen Schichten, die die Transmission und den Guetefaktor Q der Fabry-Perot-Anordnung und damit Rs(T) und λL(T) separat zu bestimmen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass fuer TBCO auf MgO die aufgedampften Schichten fast den gleichen Verlauf der intrinischen Parameter Rs(T) und λL(T) zeigen wie die besten in der Literatur bekannten Einkristalle; λL ist geringfuegig groesser. Die hier entwickelte Anordnung erlaubt erstmals eine derartige Aussage. (orig.)Original Title
Integrierte Halbleiter-/Hochtemperatursupraleiter-Systeme. Mikrowelleneigenschaften der im Aufdampfverfahren hergestellten HochTc Supraleiter-Schichten. Abschlussbericht
Secondary Subject
Source
1996; 20 p; FOERDERKENNZEICHEN BMFT 01BM006; Available from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(38,26)
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Miscellaneous
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AbstractAbstract
[en] 2 groups of pigs (with 6 animals each) were irradiated with 1.0 Gy or a 9 MeV X-ray of a linear accelerator, followed 30 days later by a second irradiation with 2.5 or 3.0 Gy. For comparison, groups of non-irradiated animals and groups without preirradiation but with a second irradiation dose of 2.5 Gy were used. The content of T4 and T3 in the blood plasma was determined by radioimmunoassay. 1.0 Gy caused a significant increase of the T3 content. After the second irradiation exposure with 2.5 Gy, the content of T4 and T3 in the blood plasma were markedly enhanced in comparison with the hormone level in non-preirradiated animals. Preirradiation with 1.0 Gy improves the ability of the thyroid gland to react towards a higher radiation dose. (author)
Original Title
Die Wirkung einer Ganzkoerperbestrahlung auf den T4- und T3-Gehalt im Blutplasma bei vorbestrahlten und nicht vorbestrahlten Schweinen
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Record Type
Journal Article
Journal
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 528-535
Country of publication
AMINO ACIDS, ANIMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, EXTERNAL IRRADIATION, HORMONES, IMMUNOASSAY, IONIZING RADIATIONS, IRRADIATION, ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS, MAMMALS, MATERIALS, ORGANIC ACIDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC IODINE COMPOUNDS, PEPTIDE HORMONES, RADIATION EFFECTS, RADIATIONS, THYROID HORMONES, TRACER TECHNIQUES, VERTEBRATES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] In each of 3 experiments 8 to 10 cows were exposed to bilateral whole-body irradiation with doses of 1.50, 2.00 or 2.75 G. The whole cell number and the differential cell picture in the milk were determined. After irradiation, there was a biphasic cell number increase in the primary and the main reaction period of the radiation syndrome. In the first increase, the granulocytes showed the strongest reaction. This is attributed to the increase of glucocorticosteroids in the blood and damage to capillaries. The second increase is seen as caused by an irritation state in the udder as a result of bacteriaemia and bacterial toxaemia. There is a marked increase in the number of lymphocytes. In the fifth week after irradiation the cell numbers are within the normal range again. (author)
Original Title
Quantitative und qualitative Reaktionen im Zellgehalt der Kuhmilch nach Ganzkoerperbestrahlung
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Journal Article
Journal
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 482-491
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The effect was studied of repeated whole-body X irradiation on the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood cells in pigs. In comparison with non-preirradiated animals a stimulating effect was observed on phagocytes in animals preirradiated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 Gy after the second exposure 28 days later with 2.25, 2.50, or 3.00 Gy. Radioresistance was found to be a result of preirradiation. (author)
Original Title
Die Phagozytoseaktivitaet von Blutzellen bei Schweinen nach wiederholter Strahlenexposition
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Journal Article
Journal
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 523-527
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AbstractAbstract
[en] In 3 experiments 29 cows were exposed to whole-body irradiation, using 9 MeV X-rays of a linear accelerator, with doses of 1.50 and 2.00 Gy or 60Co gamma rays with a dose of 2.75 Gy, as a midline dose. 2 weeks prior to irradiation the first immunization was applied using human gamma globulin. 4 or 5 weeks after irradiation a second immunization was carried out. The antibody titres were investigated. The irradiation failed to affect the antibody titres after the first immunization. After the second immunization the antibody titres of the irradiated animals remained diminished significantly (α = 0.05). This has been attributed to a damage of the memory cell pool. (author)
Original Title
Einfluss einer ionisierenden Ganzkoerperbestrahlung auf die primaere und sekundaere Antikoerperreaktion bei Kuehen nach Injektion von Humangammaglobulin
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Journal Article
Journal
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 492-497
Country of publication
ANIMALS, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CATTLE, COBALT ISOTOPES, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, EXTERNAL IRRADIATION, GLOBULINS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, IONIZING RADIATIONS, IRRADIATION, ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, MAMMALS, MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, NUCLEI, ODD-ODD NUCLEI, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, PROTEINS, RADIATION EFFECTS, RADIATIONS, RADIOISOTOPES, RUMINANTS, VERTEBRATES, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] In 3 experiments with 56 pigs the influence was examined of preirradiation at 0.5 or 1.0 Gy and a second irradiation with 2.25-3.0 Gy 4 weeks later on parameters of the liver metabolism (ASAT, cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, total protein, and protein fractions). Small doses of irradiation did not cause any pathological changes of the clinical-chemical parameters. Although some pigs died 10-24 days after the second irradiation, pathological values were obtained only in the urea concentration. Preirradiations of 1.0 or 1.5 Gy led to a complete irradiation resistance with respect to a second irradiation with 2.25 Gy 4 weeks later. (author)
Original Title
Parameter der Leberfunktion nach wiederholter Ganzkoerperbestrahlung beim Schwein
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Record Type
Journal Article
Journal
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 505-511
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Sewage systems serve about 70% of the Austrian population, producing 6 million m3 of sewage sludge per year with a dry matter content of 4-5%. At present about 52% of this sludge is disposed of in land fills, 33% is incinerated, and only about 15 % is used in agriculture. Although agricultural utilization is becoming increasingly important, several problems, especially those related to public opinion, need to be resolved before increased use will be possible. In this paper, wastewater treatment and sewage-sludge production in Austria, and problems associated with sludge disposal are discussed. (author)
Primary Subject
Source
Joint FAO/IAEA Div. of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna (Austria); International Atomic Energy Agency, Div. of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Vienna (Austria); 199 p; ISSN 1011-4289; ; Oct 1997; p. 168-181; FAO/IAEA consultants meeting on radiation processing of sewage sludge and its use to increase crop yields and to preserve the environment; Vienna (Austria); 5-9 Dec 1994; 7 refs, 3 figs, 8 tabs.
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Report
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Conference
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AbstractAbstract
[en] In 2 experiments female pigs, aged between 120 and 130 days, were irradiated with a 9 MeV X irradiation in doses of 1.0 or 1.5 Gy. After 26 or 27 days this irradiation was followed by a medium lethal second irradiation with a dose of 2.25 Gy. The investigation included the numbers of leukocytes, neutrophiles, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and thrombocytes, the content of hemoglobin, the packed cell volume, and the quotient of myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of the sternal bone. The preirradiation reduced the damage to the bone marrow by the second irradiation. The increase of the leukocyte and thrombocyte numbers is accelerated by the preirradiation, the decrease of erythrocyte numbers is reduced, the reticulocyte number increases faster. The radioprotective influence of the preirradiation is connected with the higher radioresistance of the animals. (author)
Original Title
Modifikation haematologischer Reaktionen nach einer mittelletalen Ganzkoerperexposition von Schweinen durch eine subletale Vorbestrahlung
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Journal Article
Journal
Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 512-522
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AbstractAbstract
[en] 62 pigs at the age of 100 to 130 days were exposed to a sublethal whole-body irradiation with doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 Gy. After another 3, 6, 10, 20 or 26 to 30 days they were irradiated with medium lethal doses to high lethal doses of 2.25, 2.30, 2.50 or 3.00 Gy. The pre-irradiation doses of 1.0 or 1.5 Gy increased the radioresistance to the following higher doses. Ld50/30 is changed to a LD0/30, LD100/30 is changed to LD50/30. This effect occurs when the time interval between the two radiation exposures is 6 days or more. An interval of only 3 days results in sensitization. A pre-irradiation dose of 0.5 Gy did not increase the radioresistance. (author)
Original Title
Veraenderungen der Strahlenresistenz bei Schweinen durch subletale Vorbestrahlung
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Journal Article
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Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universitaet Leipzig, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; ISSN 0300-0540; ; CODEN WZMNA; v. 38(5); p. 498-504
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