[en] A method for characterization of flaws structure in silicate glass surfaces by ion-exchange in lithium salt melts is demonstrated. The possibilities and limits of the method are shown and several applications are discussed. (author)

[en] Dynamic in situ analysis of stress and film thickness provide fast and more physical information on growth and stress evolution in cBN layers than integrating (ex situ) methods. Especially, features of the layered structure of boron nitride films, like the evolution of instantaneous stress and growth rates during deposition can be resolved by in situ methods. This work is concerned with dynamic in-situ stress measurement by means of cantilever bending during magnetron sputter deposition of cBN thin films. Laser deflection in combination with in situ ellipsometry is used to determine the instantaneous stress of the films. The results show in agreement with results that were obtained previously from ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), that the hBN and cBN layers exhibit different levels of stress under constant deposition conditions. The stress increases from less than -4 GPa to very high values (-10 GPa) after the coalescence of the cBN nuclei. Therefore, it is possible to establish the point of cBN nucleation instantly. A simultaneous medium energy ion bombardment is used for stress relaxation during film deposition. A modified substrate bias voltage, combining negative high and low voltage pulses, is used to enable an ion bombardment of the growing film with energies up to 8 keV. In this way, cBN films with a stress as low as -1.7 GPa could be produced without destroying the sp³-bonds significantly

[en] A survey is given on the published works to study oxygen diffusion in glasses and ceramic materials in the last years. In the first part methods are described for the measurement of oxygen diffusion coefficients and in the second part the published reports on oxygen diffusion in glasses, ceramic and other oxides are discussed. The most important results are summarized in different tables. (author)

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[en] The investigation of hard carbon coatings resulting from a simultaneous nitrogen ion implantation process in an oil diffusion pumped vacuum chamber is described. The thin surface layer system produced is a good example for studying the depth profiling of light elements up to charge number 20 by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) in a Bragg ionization chamber. The characterization of the surfaces at different conditions by ERDA depth profiling and the measurement of the correlated wear and friction behaviour allow optimization of the technological conditions for simultaneous carbon deposition and nitrogen implantation. (Author)

[en] The phase composition of aluminium after bombardment with doses from 1 X 10¹⁶ to 1 X 10¹⁸ N⁺ ions cm^-2 is investigated by high voltage electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. This implantation always produced polycrystalline aluminium nitride (AlN). A thermal treatment to 600⁰C did not yield new crystalline phases. At low temperatures the growth of AlN precipitations takes place mainly coherently as a result of a high vacancy density. Larger AlN precipitations grow similarly to the Ostwald ripening process. In this process incoherent precipitations are associated with a high dislocation density with an anisotropic distribution. (Auth.)

[en] Physical and physico-chemical methods for the characterization of surfaces were tested critically on glasses. Thereby structures were made visible, which could not be demonstrated by a light microscope. Microcracks postulated by Griffith could not be detected immediately by the techniques used, but by a new method - the so called microbubble-technique - structures were decorated, dimension and quantity of which are in the region postulated by Griffith. (author)

No abstract available