[en] The European Strategy for Particle Physics Update recommended that “Organised by ECFA, a roadmap should be developed by the community to balance the detector R&D efforts in Europe, taking into account progress with emerging technologies in adjacent fields“. This Roadmap which is based on the input of the community and was developed within the Detector R&D Panel, was approved by ECFA and published at the end of 2021. In this talk the findings of the Task forces and the corresponding detector technology areas or cross-cutting activities will be presented. The important drivers and general strategic recommendations for future Detector R&D will be highlighted.

[en] The process of converting plutonium metal to plutonium oxide is highlighted. The oxide finds use as fuel in modular helium reactors equipped with a gas turbine, where a majority is spent. The fuel is then removed and placed in an accelerator-controlled subcritical modular helium reactor, where additional neutrons are created by the accelerator beam. The possibility of using plutonium or mixed uranium-plutonium oxides in PWR's is also outlined. (J.B.). 1 fig

[en] Silicon sensors are widely used as tracking detectors in high energy physics experiments. This results in several specific requirements like radiation hardness and granularity. Therefore research for highly performing silicon detectors is required. The RD50 Collaboration is a CERN R&D collaboration dedicated to the development of radiation hard silicon devices for application in high luminosity collider experiments. Extensive research is ongoing in different fields since 2001. The collaboration investigates both defect and material characterization, detector characterization, the development of new structures and full detector systems. The report gives selected results of the collaboration and places an emphasis on the development of new structures, namely 3D devices, CMOS sensors in HV technology and low gain avalanche detectors. - Highlights: • The RD50 Collaboration is a CERN R&D collaboration dedicated to the development of radiation hard silicon devices for high luminosity collider experiments. • The collaboration investigates defect, material and detector characterization, the development of new structures and full detector systems. • Results of measured data of n-in-p type sensors allow recommendations for silicon tracking detectors at the HL-LHC. • The charge multiplication effect was investigated to allow its exploitation and resulted in new structures like LGAD sensors. • New sensor types like slim and active edge sensors, 3D detectors, and lately HVCMOS devices were developed in the active collaboration.

[en] In about ten years from now, the Phase-II upgrade of the LHC will be carried out. Due to increased luminosity, a severe radiation dose and high particle rates will occur for the experiments. In consequence, several detector components will have to be upgraded. In the ATLAS experiment, the current inner detector will be replaced by an all-silicon tracking detector with the goal of at least delivering the present detector performance also in the harsh Phase-II LHC conditions. This report presents the current planning and results from first prototype measurements of the upgrade silicon strip tracking detector. - Highlights: • Upgrade of current inner detector of the ATLAS experiment foreseen for High-Luminosity-LHC. • Silicon strip tracker for the upgrade has a modular design, single units are built and tested standalone before assembly in larger structures. • The prototyping is well advanced and approaching maturity. • Several integrated objects have been built, e.g. 70 barrel and 40 endcap prototype modules show low noise test results. • Many additional R & D tasks are ongoing and the collaboration is planning for preparing a technical design report before the end of 2016.

[en] In laboratory experiments the mineralisation of ¹⁴C-labelled 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) in soils was studied by direct measurement of the evolved ¹⁴CO₂. The degradation capacity of the indigenous microbial population was investigated in an agricultural soil and in a soil from a contaminated site. Very low mineralisation of 1% within 23 days was measured in the agricultural soil. Whereas in the soil from the contaminated site the mineralisation occurred very fast and in high rates; up to 62% of the initially applied amount of 1,2,4-TCB were mineralised within 23 days. The transfer of the adapted microbial population into the agricultural soil significantly enhanced the mineralisation of 1,2,4-TCB in this soil, reflecting, that the transferred microbial population survived and maintained its degradation ability in the new microbial ecosystem. Additional nutrition sources ((NH₄)₂HPO₄) increased the mineralisation rates in the first days significantly in the contaminated soil. In the soil from the contaminated site high amounts of non extractable ¹⁴C-residues were formed. - Enhanced mineralisation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was observed in an agricultural soil by inoculating it with an adapted microbial community

[en] The current inner tracker of the ATLAS experiment is foreseen to be replaced for the High-Luminosity era of the LHC to cope with the increase in occupancy, bandwidth and radiation damage. The new tracker consists of an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk). It is built of both silicon pixel and silicon strip sub-systems aiming to provide tracking coverage up to |η|=4. For a high tracking performance, radiation hard and high-rate capable silicon sensors and readout electronics are important. Moreover, services and stable, low mass mechanical structures are essential and present challenges for the system design. Currently, a large prototyping programme is ongoing within the ITk pixel detector community. Components for larger structures with multiple modules based on the FE-I4 readout chips were produced and are in assembly and evaluation. This way the system integration and design is prototyped and validated. In the report, the latest evaluation and results of thermo-mechanical prototypes and fully electrical prototypes are presented. Important system relevant aspects and their application will be discussed.

[en] We examine the applicability of the Langmuir-type of characterization for atmospheric pressure plasma jets generated in a millimeter-size cavity microwave resonator at 2.45 GHz. Wide range I-V characteristics of helium, argon, nitrogen, air and oxygen are presented for different gas fluxes, distances probe-resonator, and microwave powers. A detailed analysis is performed for the fine variation in the current around the floating potential. A simplified theory specially developed for this case is presented, considering the ionic and electronic saturation currents and the floating potential. Based on this theory, we conclude that, while the charge carrier density depends on gas flow, distance to plasma source, and microwave absorbed power, the electron temperature is quite independent of these parameters. The resulting plasma parameters for helium, argon, and nitrogen are presented.

[en] A new microwave plasma source concept, particularly for use in the atmospheric pressure region, is presented where impedance matching is realized by a quarter-wavelength waveguide resonator structure. The waveguide is formed by a slot of 100 μm width machined into a copper sheet of 50 mm x 10 mm with a thickness of 200 μm. The slot length for a resonance frequency of 2 GHz is approximately 37.5 mm. This allows generating voltages high enough for ignition of an atmospheric plasma by this very small, simple and easy-to-fabricate structure. After ignition, the plasma extends over approximately 12 mm length of the slot, so a high electrode lifetime can be expected. Furthermore, the planar geometry of this source facilitates up-scaling to array configurations, which allows realization of a distributed source for treating large areas. Basic ignition parameters are investigated. Statistics for multiple ignitions are presented and the resulting Paschen characteristics are shown in the pressure region from 100 Pa to atmospheric pressure.

No abstract available

[en] The reverse current of irradiated silicon sensors leads to self heating of the sensor and degrades the signal to noise ratio of a detector. Precise knowledge of the expected reverse current during detector operation is crucial for planning and running experiments in High Energy Physics. The dependence of the reverse current on sensor temperature and irradiation fluence is parametrized by the effective energy and the current related damage rate, respectively. In this study 18 n-in-p mini silicon strip sensors from companies Hamamatsu Photonics and Micron Semiconductor Ltd. were deployed. Measurements of the reverse current for different bias voltages were performed at temperatures of −32 ° C, −27 ° C and −23 ° C. The sensors were irradiated with reactor neutrons in Ljubljana to fluences ranging from $2\times 10^{14}{\text{n}}_{\text{eq}}∕{\text{cm}}^2$ to $2\times 10^{16}{\text{n}}_{\text{eq}}∕{\text{cm}}^2$. The measurements were performed directly after irradiation and after 10 and 30 days of room temperature annealing. The aim of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the reverse current of silicon sensors for high fluences of up to $2\times 10^{16}{\text{n}}_{\text{eq}}∕{\text{cm}}^2$ and compare the measurements to the parametrization models.