[en] Effect of reaction conditions were investigated for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process over Fe/Cu/K./${\text{SiO}}_2$ catalyst for maximization of a selective range of liquid hydrocarbon $({\text{C}}_{5-<!--\; ???\; -->20})$. Operating conditions of the reaction have a strong impact on the activity and selectivity of the process. The parameters that influence the FT synthesis reaction and product distribution include the reactor temperature, pressure, space velocity, the ${\text{H}}_2/\text{CO}$ molar ratio in the feed syngas and the catalyst. Experiments were performed at varying range of temperature, pressure, Space velocity and ${\text{H}}_2/\text{CO}$ molar ratio. Variation in ${\text{C}}_{5+}$ selectivity and (olefin/paraffin) O/P ratio were observed and analyzed to select the optimum values. Reaction conditions affect the ${\text{H}}_2$ and CO surface coverage and re-adsorption of olefins which play a crucial role in altering overall product selectivity. Reaction rates for FT and water gas shift (WGS) reactions were compared at different conditions. At optimum conditions, CO conversion and ${\text{C}}_{5+}$ selectivity were 45.9% and 77.4%, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

Synopsis. The reaction conditions for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were optimized for maximum ${\text{C}}_{5+}$ yield over Fe/Cu/K/${\text{SiO}}_2$ catalyst. At optimized operating conditions (T – 225 ${}^{\circ <!--\; ???\; -->}\text{C}$, P - 25 bar, ${\text{H}}_2/\text{CO}$ molar ratio - 1 and GHSV - 2000 cc/gcat-h), % CO conversion and ${\text{C}}_{5+}$ selectivity were observed to be 45.9% and 77.4%, respectively. .

[en] Modern day microprocessor has increased remarkably in computational capacity which in turn has resulted in generation of higher heat fluxes. Air based conventional heat extraction systems are bungling to eradicate the aforesaid heat fluxes as the need of information technology and high computational facility is skyrocketing. In this present study, numerical simulation is carried out to analyze and compare the thermal performance of a heat pipe combined with forced convection heat transfer mechanism utilizing nanofluids in a mini channel heat sink for application in CPU cooling. Two phase heat transfer phenomenon employed in heat pipe can accomplish extreme heat removal rate. Temperature gradient along with thermal resistance between the coolant and mini channel heated wall is significantly reduced due to the application of nanofluids. Convective heat transfer coefficient at the condenser end of the heat pipe is noticeably improved with application of nanoparticles into distilled water. (author)