[en] The phase structure of recovered zirconium and titanium samples was studied after loading by plane shocks waves in steel ampoules up to pressure 8-32 GPa. Beginning from some critical pressure residual heating results in full decomposition of the ω-phase. This fact is the basis of evaluation of residual temperature. Obtained values of residual temperature in steel 240 - 500 C in an interval of pressure 23 - 32 GPa turned out to be much higher than values, obtained from temperature calculations usually used for shock waves. (orig.)

[en] Pure nickel was used to study the action of high pressure impulse and carbon displacement in metal; carbon solubility in nickel in equilibrium conditions reaches more than 0.1%. Considerable penetration of carbon from one plate into another is observed under the action of high pressure impulse as a results of impulse loading of nickel plates; this penetration exceeds the carbon penetration into steel under similar conditions. Possible mechanism of this phenomenon are considered

No abstract available

[en] Presented are quantitative results of measurement of compressibility and thermal expansion (β) coefficients in cerium in a wide range of temperatures and pressures, as well as the data on γ reversible α-transformation kinetics. The measurement results show the presence of considerable volumetric anomalies in cerium in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. It is found that in the undercritical range metastable γ-and α-phases show a tendency to loss in stability; in the supercritical range the curves of compressibility and thermal expansion coefficients pass through finite maxima, determining the line of decreased stability

[en] The estimation of the phase equilibrium line in the hafnium phase diagram has been made on the basis of analyzing the data on the similarity of the physical and chemical properties of titanium, zirconium and hafnium. To determine the T-p diagrams for hafnium, the coordinates of the ternary points of α-β-ω-equilibrium of titanium and zirconium have been used and their T-p diagrams have been considered. From the intersection of the α-β-equilibrium line of hafnium and the line connecting the ternary points of zirconium and titanium the approximate coordinates for the ternary point of α-β-ω-equilibrium of hafnium have been determined. The pressure estimation has been made of the α-ω-equilibrium of hafnium at room temperature. It is supposed, that the pressure of α→ω transformation of hafnium should exceed the pressure of the α-ω-equilibrium and could be experimentally observed at pressures of approximately 300 to 350 kbar and higher. It is evident, that the phase transformations in hafnium, discovered under shock waves at a pressure of approximately 400 kbar, are related not to the electronic α→β transitions, but to the α→ω transformation similar to the α→ω transformation in zirconium and titanium under shock waves

[en] The analysis is given of the data available at the time being on the steel tempering in order to check up the validity of the previously reported suppositions on the mechanism of the 3-d transformation and to try to find the approach for solving this problem. The structure and properties changes of quenched steel during tempering are shown. The main reduction in tetragonality takes place within the range of the 1-st transformation, whereas in the 3-d transformation range more considerable changes in the physical properties are observed (reduction in volume, in magnetization). Hereby the extent of the effects at the 3-d stage, as well as the initial tetragonality, is proportional to the carbon content in steel. The carbon remaining in the martensite lattice after the 1-st stage can form clusters (regions enriched with carbon). Such clusters seem to be, first, quite a natural intermediate state of carbon in transition from a tetragonal martensite to cementite. And, second, if such regions enriched with carbon do not scatter X-rays coherently with the matrix crystal, the diffraction picture of the tempered martensite will be very close to the alpha-iron lattice, which is actually observed in the X-ray analysis at the beginning of the 3-d stage. The segregation of the main amount of carbon from the matrix at the 3-d stage and the formation of cementite, nonmagnetic at these temperatures (Tsub(k)=210 deg C), should be accompanied with a considerable volume reduction, magnetization drop and thermal effect, which totally corresponds to the effects observed. From this point of view it is easy to explain, the directly proportional dependence of the 3-d transformation effects on the carbon content, the considerable growth of the cementite crystals at the end of the 3-d stage and the numerous results of analysis for carbides which show the increase in the carbide phase amount after the 3-d transformation

[en] Measurement of a profile of shock waves (SW) with pressure amplitudes from 40 up to 280 kbar in zirconium has been carried out. SW splitting connected with a phase transition (PT) of the first order has been observed in the pressure range from 93 up to 138 kbar. The PT pressure which equals to the first SW amplitude co'nstitutes 62-67 kbar. The PT pressure is approximately equal to 0.25 μs

[en] Electron microscope study of the structure and mechanical properties of the complex-alloy metastable austenitic steel (trip-steel) subjected to shock-wave treatment is presented. The structure of the steel subjected to shock-wave treatment differs from the structure of the steel subjected to hot or cold deformation. It is shown that changes in the mechanical properties of the steel after shock-wave treatment (the increase of the ultimate strength and yield point accompanied by the decrease of plasticity) are associated with cold-hardening of austenite and formation of the hexagonal epsilon-phase

No abstract available

[en] Behaviour of cerium thermodynamic properties at the pressures and temperatures above the critical point is investigated. Stability of thermodynamic equilibrium in the above-critical region is considered on the base of the theory of pseudobinary solid solutions and experimental data. The line of continuous type phase transitions (quasispinodal) is shown to be the continuation of the γ-α phase equilibrium line. Correlation between the critical parameters on the quasispinodal is obtained