[en] We encountered a patient with a breast mass which had metastasized from gastric carcinoma representing as an inflammatory carcinoma on ultrasonography. We described the radiologic and clinical features, and review the literature. The patient had advanced gastric carcinoma and breast ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of very ill-defined, infiltrating, and mixed echoic lesions indistinguishable from findings of primary inflammatory breast carcinoma. Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma was confirmed pathologically. (author). 8 refs. confirmed pathologically. (author). 8 refs

[en] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the temporal changes in brain lesions on serial MR images during the course of leigh syndrome. We retrospectively reviewed 11 MR images in four patients diagnosed as suffering from leigh syndrome on the basis of clinical features, MRI findings, and biochemical data. Follow-up and earlier, MR images were compared and temporal changes in lesions were analyzed, with particular attention to location, size, signal intensity, and contrast enhancement. Serial MRI demonstrated temporal changes in brain lesions during the course of leigh syndrome. One follow-up MRI, the appearance of bilateral lesions in basal ganglia and the brain stem, not present on initial MRI, may be helpful corroborative evidence to support a diagnosis of this syndrome. (author). 18 refs., 2 figs

[en] The purpose of this study was to analyze the angioarchitectures of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and to determine whether there was correlation between angioarchitectures and patterns of intracranial hemorrhage (intracerebral, intraventricular, and both) in cerebral AVM. One hundred and twenty-eight patients who between November 1989 and December 1994 suffered supratentorial AVM with intracranial hemorrhage were studied retrospectively. Among 128 patients, intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage were seen in 68(53%) and 24 patients(19%), respectively, while both types were seen in the remaining 36 (28%). We analyzed the angioarchitectual characteristics of AVM, namely nidi, feeding arteries and draining veins, in three hemorrhagic groups of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage and both. The X² test or Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. A cortically located nidus was most common in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, while a periventricular location was most common in those with intraventricular hemorrhage (p<0.001). Location in the corpus callosum, choroid plexus, or intraventricular area was more frequent in the intraventricular than the intracerebral hemorrhagic group (p<0.05). Superficial venous drainage was most common in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (p<0.001), and deep venous drainage in those with intraventricular hemorrhage (p=3D0.001). The angioarchitectual characteristics of cerebral arteriovenous malformation correlate significantly with patterns of intracranial hemorrhage, and awareness of the type of hemorrhage could help to manage patients and determine prognosis.=20

[en] To assess CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis and correlate these with sACE level and PFT Between 1989 and 1995, 14 patients (4 men and 10 women, aged between 28 and 55 years) with histologically confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis were consecutively selected. HRCT scans were performed in 12 patients and conventional CT scans in two. CT findings were reviewed by three radiologists, and were correlated with the index of disease activity based on sACE level and pulmonary function test. Pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were seen in all patients;small nodules of less than 3mm in diameter were seen in eight. Other abnormalities were nodules of more than 3mm in diameter (n=7), confluent nodules (n=5), ground glass opacity (n=5), patchy areas of consolidation with air bronchogram (n=5), and architectural distortion (n=3). The upper lung zone was more frequently involved than the middle or lower zone. In ten patients, the paripheral interstitum was predominantly involved, while only three patients showed predominant peribronchovascular involvement. Lymphadenopathy was noted in 13. There was no correlation between sACE level, the results of a pulmonary function test and the extent of parenchymal involvement. HRCT is valuable for the identification, characterization, and determination of the extent to which parenchymal lung is involved in sarcoidosis. The extent of this involvement does not correlate with sACE level and pulmonary function test results

[en] We noted that in a catheter, glue-lipiodol mixtures (GLM) prematurely turned into a cast during embolization of brain arteriovenous malformation, and to avoid this problem, added tungsten to GLM. The reaction time and hardness of GLM were then evaluated in vitro. Materials and Methods : Six lots of Lipiodol (Nos.97LU009A, 96LU018A, 96LU017A, 96LUollA and 95Lu020A)(Laboratoire Guerbet, Cedex, France) and three lots Histoacryl Blue (2/7121, Ex. Date 03/99 (993);2/6263, 06/98 (986);2/6132 03/98 (983))(B. Brown, Melsungen, Germany) were mixed in a 5 cc bottle at concentrations of 25-50%(glue:lipiodol=1:1 to 1:3) and observed for two weeks. The hardness of polymerized GLM was classified as liquid, gel, semi-solid or solid. After the addition of tungsten or tantalum powder (0.2 gm) and a drop of blood to GLM, different series of experiments were performed. pH was measured in distilled water mixed with tungsten of tantalum(0.1 to 0.5 gm). Results : At a concentration of 50%,most GLM turned into solid casts within 48 hours;at one of 25%, most GLM gelled within 24 hrs. At concentrations of 28 and 33%, hardness was between that of a solid and that of a gel. After the addition of tungsten to 50% and 25 %GLM, this remained in a liquid state until two weeks later, regardless of lipiodol products. In 5 cc distilled water with 0.1 to 0.5 gm tungsten, pH changed from 3.5 to 2.6, and on the addition of tantalum from 6.4 to 5.7.The addition of blood to the mixture immediately turned the cast solid at a GLM concentration of 50%, and semi-solid at one of 25%. Conclusion : The reaction time of GLM differed according to the lot number of lipiodol.The addition of tungsten seemed to prevent premature cast formation by decreasing pH;the mechanism was similar to that observed when acetic acid was added