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[en] The survey deals with the problems of production and refining of zirconium at different stages of its processing. Principal producers of zirconium and its compounds are listed, main fields of application for zirconium are indicated. Consideration is given to the methods of producing pure zirconium compounds, and also to the dominant processes of zirconium reduction to a metal. Much attention is given to the methods of zirconium refining. Main physico-chemical properties of zirconium and its alloys are given. 121 refs., 25 tab., 15 figs

[en] Characteristics of the device for electron-beam melting for pumping-out the chamber by steam-oil, getter-ion and titanium sublimation pumps are given. The specta of pesidual gases of the device are given. The application of the combination system of pumping-out in the case of mutual ope-- ration of getter-ion and titanium sublimation pump permits to obtain the limiting pressure in the chamber before melting 2.3x10^-9 Hg. Melting of niobium of the NbSh make is performed. After two-fold electron-beam remelting the hardness of the metal reduces up to 41.0 kg/mm², the content of admixtures of the introduction is the following: oxygen-0.003, nitrogen-0.0009, carbon-0.003, hydrogen-0.008 mass%. It is shown that intensive gas discharge stops in the case of the secondary remelting after five-six minutes of exposure in the melted state

[en] Review of thermodesorption studies in vacuum from initial components for synthesis of yttrium, copper bismuth oxides, barium, strontium and calcium carbonates, as well as from Y(123), La _2-xBa_xCuO₄, Bi(1112), Bi(1112), Bi(4334), Bi Pb(2223), Tl(2223) ceramics is presented. Typical results of gas emission spectra in different temperature ranges are given. Combining different gas media with vacuum thermal processing during annealing permits to improve the superconducting properties and to increase the current parameters

[en] An equation for the distribution of impurities over the length of a zirconium sample is derived and solved, applicable to conditions of non-crucible zone recrystallization in a vacuum with allowance for absorption by the metal of impurities from the residual gases in the vacuum chamber. It is shown that this impurity absorption is equivalent, in its influence on the efficiency of zone refining of the metal, to a reduction of the impurity distribution coefficient. The results of the calculation were checked experimentally. (author)

[en] Possibility of carrying out multi-element activation analysis of impurities with Z=16...50 by using (p, n) reactions is investigated. A program of complex treatment γ-spectra obtained by semiconductor γ-spectrometers is developed. Vanadium, niobium, hafnium and tantalum samples have been analysed using the described method

[en] Theoretical evaluation of the Zr deoxidation possibility by electron beam melting in vacuum and introduction of third component in initial metal is given. It was shown that aluminium addition to zirconium makes possible Zr deoxidation in Al₂O vapour. Oxygen content in aluminium was decreased by this method was decreased to 0,03-0,08%

[en] Physico-chemical factors of zirconium purification during electron beam melting in vacuum are considered. Technological base of this process as well as equations which describe it, systems of vacuum pumping etc are described

[en] Dependence of microhardness, strength characteristics and the temperature of superconducting transition on the electric resistance R(300 K)/(4.2 K) characterizing vanadium, niobium and zirconium purity is considered in the paper. Mathematical ratios relating value data and electric resistance ratio are established

[en] Influence of impurities contents in high-temperature superconductors Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_x, Bi₂Ca₂SrCu₂O_y on critical temperature of superconducting transition,critical current and critical magnetic field are investigated in paper