[en] Nanocellulose acetate was prepared from commercial bleached Kraft hardwood cellulose by a two-stage process. Firstly, the pulp was purified with sodium hydroxide solution followed by an acetylation process to form cellulose triacetate. Secondly, nanocellulose acetate was produced by treating the cellulose acetate obtained from the previous step with dilute sulfuric acid in presence of hydrogen peroxide at 120 ℃. The synthesized products were applied to seawater desalination. Obtained results indicates that nanocellulose acetate is a promising material for seawater treatment since it shows better behavior and efficiency in this process than cellulose acetate. (author)

[en] This work showed the results from synthesis of Cr-ZSM-5 zeolite and their application as catalyst for oxidative cleavage of double bond in oleic acid. Cr-ZSM-5 catalyst was obtained by doping chromium into zeolite lattice of ZSM-5 zeolite by imregnation. This catalyst showed the high catalytic efficiency for liquid phase oxidation of oleic acid with high conversion of 93% after 3 hr reaction. Furthermore, the effects of conditions of oxidation such as solvent, tempreature and catalyst loading on efficiency of oleic oxidation were also estimated. The suitable conditions for oxidative cleavage of double bond of oleic acid were found to be temperature of 70 ℃, reaction time of 3 hrs with catalyst amount of 5 wt% in acetonitrile solvent. (author)

[en] Rice straw is an agricultural residue from rice production, which can be a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for various value-added products. In this study, silica was extracted from the rice straw. The biomass was pre-treated with ethanol and was cooked with 18% w/w sodium hydroxide to extract lignin and silica. The silica was precipitated from the alkaline solution using 30% sulfuric acid to pH 11.5 and was recovered through centrifugation. The obtained solid was washed and then combusted at 575 °C for 6 hours. The obtained ash was dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution at pH 8.0 and then re-precipitated by sulfuric acid to form silica powder, which obtained a yield of about 6.7% w/w dry rice straw. The characteristics of amorphous disk-formed silica, determined using XRD, SEM, EDS, and FT-IR. (paper)

[en] This paper presents research results regarding acid hydrolysis of Acacia mangium wood sawdust forming xylose for further production of furfural. The optimization of the hydrolysis process in a hydrolyzer and pilot scale was studied. Optimal conditions of the hydrolysis were established as follows: temperature was increased from 100 to 140 ℃ within approx. 35 min, retention time at the maximum temperature was 25-50 minutes, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.75 %, solid-to-liquor ratio of 1:8. Under these conditions, xylose yield was 7.59 % over the oven dried amount of the wood sawdust used. The glucose (0.93 % w/w) and furfural (0.33 % w/w) were obtained as by-products of the hydrolysis process. The furfural synthesis from the obtained xylose was successfully carried out. (author)