[en] The U-120M cyclotron is a versatile machine for cross-section measurement of charged particle induced reactions (p, d, ³He- and α beam are available; K = 37). Several systematic measurements have been performed: · excitation functions for ²³¹Pa(p,2n)²³⁰U and ²³¹Pa(d,3n)²³0U reactions; · excitation functions for natMo(p,x) reactions with respect to 95mTc, ⁹⁶m+gTc, ⁹⁹mTc and ⁹⁹Mo; · excitation functions for natMo(d,x) reactions with respect to 95mTc, 96m+gTc, ⁹⁹mTc and ⁹⁹Mo; · excitation functions for natNd(p,x) reactions; · excitation functions for ³He-induced reactions on selected monoisotopic elements; · assessment of radionuclidic impurities in cyclotron production of ^99mTc via ¹⁰⁰Mo(p,2n).

[en] The activation of thin metal foils is a reliable and inexpensive method for determining energy and a charged particle stream. This is why it is necessary to know well the excitatory functions of the radionuclide reactions resulting from this process. We measured 12 excitation functions of proton reactions on copper and titanium foils using a sandwich method in the energy range of 6.44-35.97 MeV. (authors)

[en] Short communication

[en] A project of ⁸¹Rb production and ⁸¹Rb/^81mKr generator manufacturing is described. ⁸¹Rb nuclide is produced on U-120M cyclotron via Kr(p, 2n)Rb reaction using pressurised gaseous target. Generator of a 'dry' type is based on the sorption of ⁸¹Rb on an ion-exchange paper from which the daughter ^81mKr is eluted by air. Parameters of targetry and generator assembly are given. Generator which will be manufactured under pharmaceutical 'clean' conditions is intended for lung ventilation studies in nuclear medicine. (author)

[en] The alpha emitter ²¹¹At (7.214 h) is considered to be a promising radionuclide for targeted cancer therapy due to its decay properties. Among factors, which impede progress in this field, the availability of ²¹¹At in sufficient amount and purity plays the major role. This isotope is produced via the ²⁰⁹Bi(α,2n)²¹¹At reaction on natural monoisotope ²⁰⁹Bi, which has threshold around 20 MeV and reaches the maximum cross section of ca 900 mb at 30 MeV. However, one cannot use the full range of the beam energies suitable for production of ²¹¹At, since the following reaction, ²⁰⁹Bi(α,3n), resulting in ²¹⁰At (8.1 h), which decays to the radiotoxic alpha emitter ²¹⁰Po (138.38 d), has threshold at 28 MeV. The goal is then to maximize ²¹¹At yield, while keeping the content of ²¹⁰At at acceptable level. Also design of the target has some importance for the effective use of the produced astatine, for it may influence the separation yield. (orig.)

[en] The cyclotron may be used as an important source of radionuclides. Some of those radionuclides may serve for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. Basic information is given relating to various aspects of those compounds. The conditions of distribution, delivery and administration of the radiopharmaceuticals - their indication and use are discussed. Several examples of the importance of logistics are also presented. In addition to the general information on radiopharmaceuticals, the most important cyclotron-produced radionuclides for the purpose of production of radiopharmaceuticals, along with their methods of manufacturing, are listed. The following aspects of the production are dealt with: target technique, technology of radionuclide production, carrier labelling, special conditions of the production, analytical aspects and problems of a timely delivery. Special attention is paid to a most prospective part of radiopharmaceuticals - PET products, their physical principle and logistic aspects

[en] Some of the cyclotron-produced radionuclides may serve as important materials for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. This lecture deals with basic information relating to various aspects of these compounds. In comparison with radionuclides /compounds used for non-medical purposes, radiopharmaceuticals are subject to a broader scale of regulations, both from the safety and efficacy point of view; besides that, there are both radioactive and medical aspects that must be taken into account for any radiopharmaceutical. According to the regulations and in compliance with general rules of work with radioactivity, radiopharmaceuticals should only be prepared/manufactured under special conditions, using special areas and special equipment and applying special procedures (e.g. sterilisation, disinfection, aseptic work). Also, there are special procedures for cleaning and maintenance. Sometimes the requirements for the product safety clash with those for the safety of the personnel; several examples of solutions pertaining to these cases are given in the lecture. Also, the specific role of cyclotron radiopharmaceuticals is discussed. (author)

[en] Wallach's method is a very simple method for halogenation of modified aromatic rings via triazine group decomposition. Preliminary results show that this method may be widely applicable to the labelling of various biomolecules, especially amino acids, peptides, proteins and monoclonal antibodies, with halogen isotopes. The aim of this work was to develop a rapid and effective method for the radiohalogenation of bioactive molecules, with minimal demands as regards the time and number of synthetic steps and applicable in a common radiochemical laboratory

[en] We have designed an internal beam target for ²¹¹At preparation by the most convenient ²⁰⁹Bi(α,2n)²¹¹At reaction on cyclotron U-120M at Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) in Rez. The target was developed in collaboration with accelerator's department within NPI. The activities obtained are close to the theoretical values for the thick target yields under given conditions. The beam hits the target in tangential direction at small angles what reduces the necessary thickness of the Bi-layer and enables to employ an evaporation technique for its preparation. For the ²¹¹At removal from the target a quartz apparatus placed inside a ceramic oven was designed. The distillation procedure is reliable, relatively fast and efficient. Astatine is collected on a quartz column filled with glass beads, and then eluted by proper agent in order to gain it in desirable chemical form. The temperature gradient in the oven during the distillation results in excellent separation of ²¹⁰Po from ²¹¹At - the data acquired via alpha and gamma spectrometry show the ratio between ²¹⁰Po and ²¹¹At activities to be 2 x 10^-10 and lower at EOB

[en] In the last year, our accelerator laboratory accomplished two new irradiation positions on the U-120M cyclotron facility and a new clean laboratory complex started to be built up at the accelerator building. The Kr target is a tube drilled in a 'soft' aluminum alloy rod. The interior of the tube is coated with a thin Ni layer and the chamber is cooled by water. The surface density of the target gas is 530 mg/cm² of Kr_nat, the starting pressure is 20 atm (NTP). Using this system, 0.5 Ci of ⁸¹Rb (EOB) is produced in one 5-hour's session. The Rb isotopes are dissolved in water containing Rb carrier and the solution is transported to a small hot cell in the cyclotron area. The chemical yield is over 85% of total ⁸¹Rb. The final product is packed and transferred to the clean laboratory, where the generators are manufactured. The generator consists of a supported strip of ion-exchange paper, which is placed into specially designed cartridge. After wetting the strip, the Rb radioactivity is loaded on the paper by slow passing of a portion of Rb solution followed by washing. The efficiency of the Rb retention is higher than 98%. The cartridge is then dried and the generator is packed. The final generator assembly is carefully tested in accordance with the standard quality regulations. The following parameters are declared: 1. biocompatibility of the product, 2. radioactivity of ^81mKr in the gaseous phase, 3. radio-chemical purity of the eluent and 4. tightness of the system. At present, the generator is going to be submitted to the authorities for the certification procedure