[en] This report is a supplement to a report (SNO-85-3 (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory)) which contained the results of a feasibility study on the construction of a deep underground neutrino observatory based on a 1000 ton heavy water Cerenkov detector. Neutrinos carry detailed information in their spectra on the reactions taking place deep in the interstellar interior and also provide information on supernova explosions. In addition to their role as astrophysical probes, a knowledge of the properties of neutrinos is crucial to theories of grand unification. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is unique in its high sensitivity to electron neutrinos and its ability to detect all other types of neutrinos of energy greater than 2.2 MeV. The results of the July 1985 study indicated that the project is technically feasible in that the proposed detector can measure the direction and energy of electron neutrinos above 7 MeV and the scientific programs will make significant contributions to physics and astrophysics. This present report contains new information obtained since the 1985 feasibility study. The enhanced conversion of neutrinos in the sun and the new physics that could be learned using the heavy water detector are discussed in the physics section. The other sections will discuss progress in the areas of practical importance in achieving the physics objectives such as new techniques to measure, monitor and remove low levels of radioactivity in detector components, ideas on calibration of the detector and so forth. The section entitled Administration contains a membership list of the working groups within the SNO collaboration

[en] As gaseous ion sources cannot be used for radiocarbon dating with accelerators due to the extraordinary large amount of cross contamination, sputter sources with solid samples have commonly been used. A number of small carbon samples have not been dated by the Toronto-Rochester-General Ionex group using the MP-tandem accelerator of the Nuclear Structure Research Lab. at the University of Rochester. In the early experiments a variety of sample preparation techniques have been used including mixing with KBr, Cu and Ag binders. Although the currents form these samples were often adequate, the variations in C^- beam quality from sample to sample has caused some concern about the reproducibility of the data. A better sample preparation technique is described which meets the following criteria: 1) The source material should be in the form of graphite to produce good stable C^- beams. 2) Low loss sample conversion is essential as sample sizes are often 1 milligram or less. 3) The sample diameter should be of the same order as the caesium primary sputter beam for efficient use of the material. The HICONEX-834 in reflected geometry has a caesium beam spot size of approximately 500 microns while the new Tandetron sputter source has a spotsize of 200 microns

[en] Highlights: • Evaporation rates of HD are obtained from stainless steel and aluminum substrates. • The rates increase with temperature and are linearly proportional to drop size. • HD evaporation from stainless steel follows only constant contact area mechanism. • HD evaporation from aluminum proceeds by a combined mechanism. - Abstract: We report herein the evaporation rates and mechanism of a drop of distilled sulfur mustard (HD) agent from stainless steel and aluminum substrates. For systematic analysis, we used a laboratory-sized wind tunnel, thermal desorption (TD) connected to gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and drop shape analysis (DSA). We found that the evaporation rates of HD from stainless steel and aluminum increased with temperature. The rates were also linearly proportional to drop size. The time-dependent contact angle measurement showed that the evaporation of the drop of HD proceeded only by constant contact area mechanism from stainless steel surface. On the other hand, the evaporation of HD from aluminum proceeded by a combined mechanism of constant contact area mode and constant contact angle mode. Our experimental data sets and analysis could be used to predict vapor and contact hazard persistence of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in the air and on exterior surfaces with chemical releases, which assists the military decision influencing personnel safety and decontamination of the site upon a chemical attack event

[en] This report is a proposal by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) collaboration to develop a world class laboratory for neutrino astrophysics. This observatory would contain a large volume heavy water detector which would have the potential to measure both the electron-neutrino flux from the sun and the total solar neutrino flux independent of neutrino type. It will therefore be possible to test models of solar energy generation and, independently, to search for neutrino oscillations with a sensitivity many orders of magnitude greater than that of terrestrial experiments. It will also be possible to search for spectral distortion produced by neutrino oscillations in the dense matter of the sun. Finally the proposed detector would be sensitive to neutrinos from a stellar collapse and would detect neutrinos of all types thus providing detailed information on the masses of muon- and tau-neutrinos. The neutrino detector would contain 1000 tons of D20 and would be located more than 2000 m below ground in the Creighton mine near Sudbury. The operation and performance of the proposed detector are described and the laboratory design is presented. Construction schedules and responsibilities and the planned program of technical studies by the SNO collaboration are outlined. Finally, the total capital cost is estimated to be $35M Canadian and the annual operating cost, after construction, would be $1.8 M Canadian, including the insurance costs of the heavy water

[en] The analysis of the drywell structure in the G.E. Mark III containment system is presented and the loadings and solution techniques are discussed in this paper. The analysis is carried out by finite element techniques by using the NASTRAN computer program. In the general analysis, the drywell is idealized by triangular and quadrilateral plate elements. Due to symmetry, only half of the structure is modeled. The vent region is modeled by quadrilateral sandwich plate elements. To take into account the reduction of stiffness due to the presence of the vents a separate finite element analysis was performed. A typical segment of the plate with the vent at its middle is idealized into small finite elements. It is then subjected to prescribed displacements at its boundary in such that one overall strain component of the plate is unity and all other strain components are zero. The force necessary to hold the plate in this deformed configuration is used to calculate the stress and thus establish the reduced elasticity matrices of the plate with a hole at its middle. The reduced elasticity matrices are later used as material property input for the sandwich plates in the vent region. The stress distributions around the vents and forces or moments at the vicinity of large openings were investigated by applying the results obtained from the global analysis as boundary conditions to separate finite element models. A procedure used to analyze the drywell structure is described. The method saves considerable computer time as well as modeling time. Furthermore, the analytical results are in sufficient detail that it can be used directly for design

[en] A radius of curvature technique was used to study stresses in zinc oxide (ZnO) films prepared by filtered cathodic vacuum arc. To deposit the films, a pure zinc target was used and O₂ was fed into the chamber. It was found that stresses in ZnO films are strongly correlated to the growth parameters of substrate temperature, substrate bias and oxygen pressure. The films prepared for studying the effect of substrate bias and oxygen pressure exhibited only compressive stress. For the films prepared to investigate the effect of substrate temperature, a transition from compressive to tensile stress was observed when the temperature was varied from 100 to 420 deg. C. The tensile stress is attributed to thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the film and the substrate. Atomic force microscope images of the films were obtained to study their surface morphology. It is found that the surface morphology is significantly influenced by the growth parameters

[en] The analysis of the drywell structure in the G.E. Mark III containment system is presented and the loadings and solution techniques are discussed in this paper. The drywell structure is a reinforced concrete cylindrical shell. In the bottom region of the shell, there are many 28 inch diameter horizontal vents arranged in a regular pattern. The main function of the drywell is to channel steam released during a main steam line break through the horizontal vents for rapid condensation in the suppression pool and to reduce radiation levels in the containment to permit normal access. The drywell is designed to sustain all operating loads, thermal loads, seismic loads and accident loads. Dynamic loads are applied to the structure statically with dynamic load factors obtained from separable analysis. Seismic loads are applied as equivalent static loads obtained from seismic analysis of lumped mass model of the structure. The design requires the various combination of dead and live loads, accident pressure loads, thermal effects under operating and accident conditions, safe shutdown and operating basis earthquakes, steam relief valve blow down loads, poolswell loads, and jet force and pipe whip loads due to pipe rupture. The loading combinations are presented in a detailed tabulated form. The analysis is carried out by finite element techniques by using the NASTRAN computer program. (Auth.)

[en] As with new advances in any field, radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry has to be treated with some scepticism until it has proven itself against the conventional techniques. By the direct atom counting of the radioactive carbon isotope, C-14, rather than the counting of the beta particles, any background is eliminated and microgram-sized samples of a solid graphite-like target can be analyzed in a few hours instead of many days. The IsoTrace laboratory has completed a comparative analysis with materials dated by the conventional method and has shown excellent agreement, yielding an accuracy better than 1% and a precision of 0.3%. For samples less than 10,000 years old, a precision of 1.0% is routinely obtained, while, for samples less than 2000 years old, precision of 0.3% is possible. Dates can also be routinely obtained from materials up to 50,000 years old. With the small sample size and high precision, greater resolution when dating recent materials may be obtained. Materials that previously proved impossible to date due to small sample size or the nature of the material (e.g. high value, weathering etc.) may now readily be subjected to scrutiny. Fragments, rather than bulk samples, may be dated, facilitating significant stratigraphic resolution and correlation in a wide variety of situations

[en] The seismic designs of the mechanical components in the nuclear power plants are reviewed. Pipes, as the example of the components, are analyzed with response spectra which is one of the seismic analysis methods. (author)

[en] A SCG has many advantages over conventional generators, such as reduction in width and size, improvement in efficiency, and better steady-state stability. The paper presents a 2-D transient analysis of a superconducting AC generator (SCG) using the finite element method (FEM). The compensated 2-D model obtained by lengthening the airgap of the original 2-D model is proposed for the accurate and efficient transient analysis. The accuracy of the compensated 2-D model is verified by the small error 6.4% compared to experimental data. The transient characteristics of the 30 KVA SCG model have been investigated in detail and the damper performance on various design parameters is examined