[en] This book deals with summary of 3 Dimensions measuring instrument, function and performance of 3 Dimensions measuring instrument, data point detector and measuring aid instrument, limit of 3 Dimensions measuring instrument, accuracy inspection of 3 Dimensions measuring instrument, data processing system, application technology of 3 Dimensions measuring instrument, 3 Dimensions measuring and CAD/CAM, maintenance of 3 Dimensions measuring instrument.

[en] This book introduces basic of precision measurement, measurement of length, limit gauge, measurement of angles, measurement of surface roughness, measurement of shapes and locations, measurement of outline, measurement of external and internal thread, gear testing, accuracy inspection of machine tools, three dimension coordinate measuring machine, digitalisation of precision measurement, automation of precision measurement, measurement of cutting tools, measurement using laser, and point of choosing length measuring instrument.

[en] High accumulation and selective delivery of boron into tumor tissues are the most important requirements to achieve efficient capture therapy of cancers. We focused on liposomal boron delivery system in order to achieve a large amount of boron delivery to tumor. We succeeded in the synthesis of the double-tailed boron cluster lipid, which has B₁₂H₁₁S-moiety as a hydrophilic part, by alkylation of BSH with bromoacetyl derivatives of diacylglycerols. Calcein-encapsulated boron cluster liposomes were prepared from DMPC, cholesterol and the boron cluster lipid (1-X: 1:X, X=0-1) for their stability experiments and we found that the liposomes containing 25% and 50% of the boron cluster lipid (X=0.25 and 0.5, respectively) exhibited a stable liposomal formation in fetal bovine serum at 37degC for 24 h. (author)

[en] Active carbons with high specific surface area and micro pore structure were prepared from the coconut shell char using the chemical activation method of NaOH. The preparation process has been optimized through the analysis of experimental variables such as activating chemical agents to char ratio and the flow rate of gas during carbonization. The active carbons with the surface area (2,481m²/g) and mean pore size (2.32 nm) were obtained by chemical activation with NaOH. The electrochemical performances of hybrid capacitor were investigated using LiMn₂O₄, LiCoO₂ as the positive electrode and prepared active carbon as the negative electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of hybrid capacitor using organic electrolytes (LiPF₆, TEABF₄) were characterized by constant current charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, cycle and leakage tests. The hybrid capacitor using LiMn₂O₄/AC electrodes had better capacitance than other hybrid systems and was able to deliver a specific energy as high as 131 Wh/kg at a specific power of 1,448 W/kg

[en] The electrochemical characteristics of artificial graphite coated with petroleum pitch were investigated as anode material in lithium ion batteries. Petroleum pitch with various softening points (SP 150, 200 and 250 °C) was prepared to coat the surface of artificial graphite using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the coating properties of the prepared anode materials. The electrochemical characteristics of the batteries were investigated by initial charge/discharge, cycle, rate performance, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests in the electrolyte of 1.0 M LiPF₆ (EC: DEC=1:1 vol%). With the goal of optimizing the pitch coating process of graphite as an anode material, both the composition ratios of artificial graphite to petroleum pitch and the carbonization temperatures were varied. The best battery anode performance was found to be 10wt% coated carbon with heat treatment at 1,000°C on the artificial graphite using petroleum pitch with SP 250 °C. Pitch-derived amorphous carbon coating effectively decreases irreversible capacity and increases the cycle stability. The prepared anode materials have good initial efficiency (92.9%), discharge capacity (343 mAh/g), cycle stability (97%), and rate performance of 10 C/0.1 C (84.1%).

[en] We investigate the localization of directed polymers in random media due to the presence of an attractive columnar defect at the center of a two-dimensional substrate. If the defect’s strength is too weak to affect the polymers, the localization length of the polymers exhibits a power-law behavior as a function of the polymer length, as in the case of no defect. When the defect’s strength is greater than a critical value, the localization length approaches a finite value, thereby yielding a localization length exponent (or liberation exponent) ν⊥ = 1.8004(31). The correlation length, which is perpendicular to the localization length, is defined as the distance over which the polymer is localized by the defect. The correlation length exponent ν = 2.881(5) is estimated from the data collapse via the scaling relation ζ = ν⊥/ν, where ζ = 5/8 represents the wandering exponent. In addition, we measure the number of times that the optimal path passes through the defect, because that number increases as the defect’s strength increases. This measurement yields a new critical exponent λ = 0.59.

[en] The MCMB-Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ with core-shell structure was prepared by sol-gel process to improve low cycle capability of MCMB in this study. The electrochemical characteristics were investigated for hybrid capacitor using MCMB-Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as the negative electrode and LiMn₂O₄, Active carbon fiber as the positive electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of hybrid capacitor using organic electrolytes (LiPF₆, EC/DMC/EMC) were characterized by charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, cycle and impedance tests. The hybrid capacitor using MCMB-Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/LiMn₂O₄ electrodes had better capacitance than MCMB hybrid systems and was able to deliver a specific energy with 67 Wh/kg at a specific power of 781 W/kg

[en] To determine whether or not the first harmonic of a temporal Fourier transform, applied pixel-by-pixel on time-intensity curves, can detect the subtle wall motion abnormalities due to ischemia, 6 dogs were instrumented with a micromanometer in the left ventricles, a hydraulic cuff occluder around the circumflex coronary artery, and sonomicrometers on the inferior (ischemic) and anterior (non-ischemic) walls. Left ventricular images, obtained after contrast injection via the pulmonary artery, were compared with dimension signals in control and 3 progressive levels of coronary stenosis (Stenosis I, II and III). Normalized, digital functional images (512 x 512 matrix, 256 shades of gray/pixel) were divided into anterior, apical, and inferior areas to acquire regional mean phase (degrees) and amplitude (intensity units) values. After inducing stenosis, phase in ischemic region significantly increased at all 3 levels of stenosis, whereas amplitude significantly decreased at Stenosis II and III. However, amplitude images showed clearly the topographic site of ischemia. There was a progressive increase in phase and decrease in amplitude in ischemic areas as the percent wall thickening (%WTh) fell (phase vs. %WTh: r = -0.55, p < 0.005; amplitude vs. %WTh: r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Heart rate and peak systolic pressure showed no significant changes during stenoses. We conclude that quantitative functional images, generated from a temporal Fourier transform, are sensitive to the detection of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities during mild, moderate, and severe degrees of ischemia. (author)

[en] To evaluate the clinical significance of reverse redistribution (RR) of resting ²⁰¹Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA), we performed left ventriculography, coronary angiography and resting ²⁰¹Tl-SPECT in 22 patients with VSA. Left ventriculography showed abnormal wall motion in 17 of 22 patients (77%) and 37 of 154 segments. Thirty-one of these 37 segments (84%) were within the area perfused by coronary arteries showing acetylcholine-induced vasospasm. On ²⁰¹Tl images, abnormal findings were observed in 11 of 22 patients (50%), and among them, 7 patients (32%) had RR. Seven of 37 segments (19%) having abnormal regional wall motion had RR of ²⁰¹Tl, and in 6 of these 7 segments (86%), accumulation of ¹²³I-BMIPP was found to be reduced. We conclude that repetitive brief myocardial ischemia may cause myocardial injuries in patients with VSA, and that the presence of RR of ²⁰¹Tl indicates the presence of myocardial injury in these patients. (author)

[en] Dissolved inorganic carbonates in ground water were quantitatively by using gas evolution method. Gas evolution method was found to be less time-consuming, less susceptible to the contamination fromatmospheric CO₂ and little affected by the sulfate ions in comparison to the direct precipitation method. Extraction efficiency of nearly 99% could be achieved by gas evolution method in two hours using recirculated gas at a sweeping rate of 4 liter per minute. Samples for carbon isotope fractionation study were collected in three fractions with collection times. The evolution time for the first fraction was one hours, and then second and third fractions were collected at intervals of 30 minutes, respectively. A small portion of each fraction was analyzed to evaluate δ¹³C values, which were measured to be -7.9% ,-3.0% and +0.4% for the each fraction. The result clearly indicated that gas evolution method generates isotopically lighter carbon at the beginning of the purging process and heavier isotopes at the end. However, this isotope fractionation effect could be neglected by the almost complete recovery of carbonates