[en] This study is to research a global legal system for the spent-fuel and high-level radioactive waste management and suggest laws regarding safety management to the materials. National policy and vision for the materials and suitable legal frame for R and D are introduced in this study. For accomplishing the upper targets, this study collected a lot of global legal sources and data. It is a prominent necessary process of current situation to set up a spent-fuel and high-level radioactive waste management system and transparent public participation to the management. For guarantee government's responsibility, predictability, transparency, and legal enactment regarding the issues are important. International case study and data for finding a optimized spent-fuel management technology are needed for the safe management. This study reviewed all the basic IAEA principles for nuclear safety. Current Spent-fuel statistics, public hearing procedure, and national policy for the issue are analyzed as well. Global trends and foreign law are studied for the purpose of guide national policy and finding a solution. As a result of this study, we finds a legal deficit and guides better solution for establishment of legal framework. The present R and D project is to help finding a best policy for dealing with the spent-fuel and high-level radioactive waste. Way to go as a national policy and safety management should consider principles of IAEA and international standard that are proved by other major nuclear nation's law. This study suggests guideline for enacting law for the issues, public access and public acceptance.

[en] Ο Setting-up and running a systematic process for investigating and analyzing the status and issues and offering effective ways for improving the performance of the Korea-OECD/NEA cooperation - Establishing and operating a systematic process, implementing the gradual strategies - Analyzing the organizational as well as operational characteristics of OECD/NEA - Analyzing activities and performance of Korean delegations and participants, and studying the ways to improve their performance - Publishing an annual report Ο The committee for the selection of candidates joining in the two schools selected nine candidates for the WNU RT School and five candidates for the IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School. Thereafter, the project will support expense for joining in the schools such as tuition, flight cost, accommodation, meals, etc

[en] The rapid and accurate identification of biological agents is a critical step in the case of bio-terror and biological warfare attacks. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been widely used for the identification of microorganisms. In this study, we describe a method for the rapid and accurate discrimination of Bacillus anthracis spores using MALDI-TOF MS. Our direct in-situ analysis of MALDI-TOF MS does not involve subsequent high-resolution mass analyses and sample preparation steps. This method allowed the detection of species-specific biomarkers from each Bacillus spores. Especially, B. anthracis spores had specific biomarker peaks at 2503, 3089, 3376, 6684, 6698, 6753, and 6840 m/z. Cluster and PCA analyses of the mass spectra of Bacillus spores revealed distinctively separated clusters and within-groups similarity. Therefore, we believe that this method is effective in the real-time identification of biological warfare agents such as B. anthracis as well as other microorganisms in the field

[en] Radiation Promotion Plan(RPP) and The Comprehensive Nuclear Energy Promotion Plan(CNEPP), established in every 5 years, have influenced significantly to all around the radiation industry, academy and R and D ○ Therefore, precise and objective analysis on the policy environment should precede to formulate policy ○ This study will suggest a detailed strategy on the role of the radiation industry as a national growth potential Ⅲ. Scope and Contents ○ Analysis on the domestic and international policy·technology environment ○ Global mega-trend analysis which affects the radiation field ○ The result of forecast and analysis of radiation technology based on scientometrics ○ Review of the performance assessment of 1st-4th CNEPP and 1st RPP ○ Prepare the draft contents of 2nd RPP Ⅳ. Results ○ 4 major guidelines for improvements of the efficiency of business R and D activities - ‘Preparing future’ ‘Technology innovation’ ‘Supporting the growth of industry’ ‘The use of infrastructure‘ ○ Based on guidelines, we selected 4 major tasks and 20 tasks to achieve the policy directions Ⅴ. Recommendation for future usage ○ The result of the study could be referred to establishing national radiation polices including 2nd RPP.

[en] A low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) was used to investigate a new superstructure on the cleaved surface of a 2H- NbSe₂ single crystal after introduction of structural defects through bias voltage pulses during tunneling at 4.2 K. A charge density wave (CDW) with a √(13)x√13 reconstruction was observed in the vicinity of the defects and the well-known 3 x 3 CDW was observed far from these defects. Multiple layers inside the defects were also exposed and showed the new modulation of the CDW on all of the Se layers. This indicates a local 2H to 1T phase transition for the NbSe₂ crystal structure. Two other interesting observations are also included: a disordered CDW-like phase of the √(13)x√(13) structure near the atomic steps and an anomalous distortion in the underlying atomic lattice revealed by STM images. A local heating mechanism is proposed to explain the creation of these novel structures.

[en] An optical functional film applicable to various lighting devices is demonstrated in this study. The phase separation of two immiscible polymers in a common solvent was used to fabricate the film. In this paper, a self-organized lens-like structure is realized in this manner with optical OLED functional film. For an OLED, there are a few optical drawbacks, including light confinement or viewing angle distortion. By applying the optical film to an OLED, the angular spectra distortion resulting from the designed organic stack which produced the highest efficiency was successfully stabilized, simultaneously enhancing the efficiency of the OLED. We prove the effect of the film on the efficiency of OLEDs through an optical simulation. With the capability to overcome the main drawbacks of OLEDs, we contend that the proposed film can be applied to various lighting devices. (paper)

[en] Organic light-emitting diodes with a quasi-periodic nano-structure (QPS) were fabricated via a combination of laser interference lithography (LIL) and reactive ion etching (RIE). The LIL process was used to generate a periodic pattern, whereas the RIE process was used as a supplement to add randomness to the periodic pattern. The period of the fabricated periodic pattern was determined by finite difference time domain solutions. The height and density of the QPS were controlled by the RIE etching time and were optimized. The resulting quasi-periodic nanostructure comprised silicon dioxide (SiO₂) with a low refractive index (n = 1.4–1.5), and an external quantum efficiency enhancement of 18% was achieved using the QPS device, without any viewing angle problems or spectral distortion, which are serious drawbacks of periodic patterns. (paper)

[en] Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are prepared by introducing a new solvent 2-ethoxyethanol and are optimized by acid-free solvent post treatment. The behavior of samples are investigated with various coating conditions. The change of electrical performance for 2-ethoxyethanol added PEDOT:PSS films with various post treatment methods is studied. Upon post treatment, the sheet resistance greatly decreases attributed to a structural change with removal of insulating PSS in the film. Based on these conductive films, we demonstrate efficient ITO-free green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The efficiency of OLEDs with post-treated PEDOT:PSS electrodes is greater than that of OLEDs with untreated PEDOT:PSS electrodes. The results illustrate a promising future for flexible, low-cost, ITO-free OLEDs employing PEDOT:PSS electrodes optimized by 2-ethoxyethaol with acid-free solvent post treatment.

[en] We combined cavity based optical method and polymer based structural approach to achieve efficiency enhancement and widened luminance distribution of organic light emitting diodes. Cavity method was implemented by adjusting the thickness of the hole transport layer and using a ITO-Metal-ITO transparent electrode. Utilizing the lateral phase separation of immiscible polystyrene/ polyethylene glycol binary system, we have fabricated an aperiodic protruding structure. The application of the two methods yielded two fold efficiency enhancement and widened luminance distribution. To be specific the external quantum efficiency increased from 8.9% to 17.9%.

[en] We developed highly efficient yellowish-green emitting phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on tris[4-methyl-2-2(4'-trimethylsilylphenyl)pyridine] [Ir(msippy)₃]. The device showed electroluminescence emission from the dopant emitter at 521 nm with CIE color coordinates of (0.32, 0.62). We investigated the roll of 4,4',4''-Tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TcTa) interlayer between hole transporting and emissive layers on the higher device performances using different hole transporting materials. TcTa interlayer in the device using Di-[4-(N,N-ditolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane as hole transporting layer confines the excitons within the emissive layer and improves the charge balance, resulting in higher device external quantum efficiency of 25.6% and current efficiency of 84.4 cd/A with improved efficiency roll-off.