[en] The collective dose distribution of general service personnel in different positions during the first overhaul of Unit 1 in some NPP is presented. The sources and causes of dose are analyzed. Some improvement measures for optimization are proposed correspondingly, which is then been applied to the first overhaul of Unit 2. The implementation of these measures has been verified by overhaul personnel dose comparison of both units. And the goal of reducing personnel dose is ultimately achieved. (author)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of step-by-step balloon dilatation combined with continuous biliary drainage in treating benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture. Methods: The clinical data and imaging materials of 49 patients with benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture, who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from January 2008 to March 2014 to receive treatment, were retrospectively analyzed. Before treatment, the diagnosis of benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture was confirmed in all patients by color Doppler ultrasound, MRI and/or contrast-enhanced CT scan, endoscopic or DSA-guided anastomosis biopsy. Among the 49 patients, 23 patients (study group) were treated with percutaneous transhepatic step-by-step balloon dilatation (the diameter of used balloon was 8 mm initially, then 10 mm balloon was used in the second month, and 12 mm balloon was used in the third month) together with continueous biliary drainage (lasting for 6 months); 26 patients (control group) were treated with single percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation (balloon diameter of 6 mm or 8 mm) plus biliary drainage (lasting for 6 months). The improvement of clinical symptoms, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the anastomotic patency rate were compared between the two groups. Results: Technical success was obtained in all patients. No procedure-related complications, such as biliary tract hemorrhage and perforation, occurred. One week after the treatment, the difference in bilirubin level between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Although the difference in 3-month anastomotic patency rate between the two groups was not statistically significant, the 6-month, 12-month and 24-month anastomotic patency rates of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Three patients in the study group developed recurrent jaundice at 11.2, 14.3 and 17.6 months after treatment respectively; MRI and contrast-enhanced CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of anastomotic stricture recurrence, and balloon dilatation together with drainage tube placement had to be carried out again. In the control group, 16 patients developed recurrent jaundice within 3.1-17.1 months after balloon dilatation management, among them one patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and the remaining 15 patients received balloon dilatation together with drainage tube placement again. Conclusion: For benign biliary-enteric anastomosis strictures, step-by-step balloon dilatation combined with persistent biliary drainage is a safe and effective minimally-invasive treatment. (authors)

[en] The voice coil temperature coefficient is a crucial parameter in the field of voice coil temperature measurement technology, speaker thermal effect, and others. A measurement method for wire resistance temperature coefficient based on heat transfer model is presented in this paper. Measure the voltage at both ends of the coil and the current through the coil before and after the temperature rise by simply energizing the coil in the heat resistance box under the condition of stable ambient temperature. The temperature coefficient of the coil can be obtained according to Ohm’s law and heat transfer model in the method. (paper)

[en] Objective: To discuss the influence of different antitumor treatments on the survival time of patients with obstructive jaundice caused by cholangiocarcinoma located at middle-low segment of common bile duct after receiving PTCD. Methods: During the period from Jan. 2012 to March 2013, a total of 60 patients with pathologically-proved cholangiocarcinoma located at the middle-low segment of common bile duct were admitted to authors' hospital. According to tumor TNM staging, stage II was seen in 9 cases, stage III in 39 cases and stage IV in 12 cases. Based on the degree of cell differentiation, highly differentiated cancer was observed in 9 cases, moderately differentiated cancer in 37 cases, and poorly differentiated cancer in 14 cases. The 60 patients were enrolled in this study. Drainage tube placement and stent implantation were performed in all patients so as to relieve the symptoms of jaundice. According to the antitumor treatment used, the 60 patients were randomly and equally divided into three groups with 20 patients in each group. Draining procedure with subsequent regular arterial infusion chemotherapy was employed in the patients of group A; draining procedure with subsequent particle chain placement in biliary tract was performed in the patients of group B; and draining procedure with subsequent regular arterial infusion chemotherapy together with particle chain placement in biliary tract was carried out in the patients of group C. The results were analyzed using SPSS17.0 statistical software. The death factors of patients were statistically evaluated by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis method, P < 0.05 was considered that the difference had statistical significance. Results: The median survival periods of group A, B and C were (186.0 ± 36.4) days, (183.0 ± 26.5) days and (252.0 ± 43.6) days respectively. The death factors of cancer patients were analyzed by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis method, which indicated that tumor stage was a risk factor for death (HR = 8.434, 95%CI 3.41-20.090); the treatment mode was a protection factor of death (HR = 0.616, 95%CI 0.429-0.884); while the degree of tumor differentiation was unrelated to death(score test, χ² = 0.197, P = 0.657 > 0.05). The risk of death in group B was not significantly different from that in group A (HR = 1.012, 95%CI 0.558-2.179); while the treatment mode of group C was a protection factor of death (HR = 0.334, 95%CI 0.148-0.075). Conclusion: The TNM stage and treatment mode can influence the survival time of patients with cholangiocarcinoma located at the middle-low segment of common bile duct. Therefore, for the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by cholangiocarcinoma, combination use of regular arterial infusion chemotherapy and particle chain placement in biliary tract should be employed immediately after draining procedure as this therapeutic mode can effectively prolong patient's survival time. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • The nanowires and nanorods of α-MnO₂ possessed uniform microstructure, good crystallization and well structural stability. • The wire-like MnO₂ exhibited better electrochemical reversibility and capacity than that of the rod-like one. • The wire-like and rod-like α-MnO2 presented fine cycle stability after continuous charge–discharge cycles. α-MnO₂ recently becomes a promising candidate of electrode materials for high effective supercapacitors in which it possesses of unique structure of 2×2 tunnels that can provide more electrons and ions diffusion paths. In this work, different morphologies MnO₂ with α-phase crystalline structure have been prepared via a one-step facile hydrothermal method by adding various reagents. Compositions, microstructures and morphologies of these as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical properties of α-MnO₂ electrodes were studied by the cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 M Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution. The specific capacitance of nanowires were 158 F g⁻¹ while the specific capacitance of nanorods were 106 F g⁻¹ at current density of 4 A g⁻¹, and improved performance of the wire-like electrode material was probably ascribed to the larger specific surface area that can provide relatively more active sites for high capacity. Meanwhile, both the nanowires and nanorods of MnO₂ presented fine cycle stability after continuous multiple charge/discharge times.

[en] Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of overlapped dual Wallstent stents technique in managing complicated visceral artery aneurysms. Methods: During the period from March 2012 to Nov. 2013, 5 patients with complicated visceral artery aneurysms were admitted to authors' hospital. The lesions included fusiform aneurysm at the splenic arterial origin (n = 1), sac-form aneurysm at the middle segment of splenic artery (n = 1), sac-form aneurysm at celiac trunk artery (n = 1), sac-form aneurysm at common hepatic artery (n = 1) and wide-necked aneurysm of superior mesenteric artery (n = 1). The clinical data and the imaging materials were retrospectively analyzed. The mean diameter of the aneurysms was (23 ± 8.7) mm. Overlapping stenting with 2 Wallstent stents was carried out in all patients, and postoperative antiplatelet therapy was employed. CT angiography was performed at 6 months, one year and 2 years after the treatment to evaluate the obstruction condition of the aneurysms, the patency situation of the parent arteries, side branches and perforator arteries, etc. Results: Stent implantation was successfully accomplished in all 5 cases. One patient with aneurysm at celiac trunk artery developed mild abdominal pain 30 days after the treatment, which was relieved by administration of vasodilators and analgesic in 1 week. No procedure-related complications occurred in other patients. All the patients were followed up for 6-24 months (mean of 13 months). Shrinkage or disappearance of aneurysms was observed in all the 5 cases. Asymptomatic mild in-stent stenosis (less than 25%) of parent artery and occlusion of several perforator arteries were observed in one patient with sac-form aneurysm of common hepatic artery 6 months after the treatment. In the remaining patients the stents, side branches and perforator arteries remained patent. Conclusion: For the treatment of complicated visceral artery aneurysms, overlapped dual Wallstent stents technique has excellent efficacy and higher technical success rate, besides, long-term patency rate of side branches and perforator arteries is also very high. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of Y-shaped stent implantation in treating atelectasis due to bronchial obstruction. Methods: During the period from Feb. 2012 to July 2013, a total of 24 patients with obstructive atelectasis were admitted to authors' hospital. The causes of atelectasis included bronchial tumor (n = 13) and external compression (n = 11) which caused by the pulmonary hilar tumor (n = 9) or mediastinal abscess (n = 2). Of the 24 patients, stenosis or occlusion of the main bronchus was demonstrated in 20, stenosis of the main bronchus together with lobar bronchus occlusion in one, and lobar bronchus stenosis or occlusion in 3. Results Airway Y-shaped stent implantation was successfully accomplished in 23 patients, and a total of 24 Y-shaped stents, including 3 small Y-shaped stents, were used. Successful stent implantation with single procedure was obtained in 21 patients, and in two patients the initially inserted stent had to be retrieved with a hook due to its poor position and the second implantation was succeeded. In the remaining one patient, the deployment of stent failed because the patient could not well cooperated. The success rate of stent implantation was 95.8% (23/24) and the success rate of initial implantation was 91.3% (21/24). Different degrees of pulmonary re-aeration were seen in the 23 cases who had a successful stent implantation, among them complete expansion of the lung was obtained in 21. After the stent implantation, the respiratory function was obviously improved in all patients when compared with the preoperative condition. Conclusion: Airway Y-shaped stent implantation is a safe and reliable treatment for obstructive atelectasis. This technique can quickly and effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of atelectasis. (authors)

[en] Objective: To assess the application value of high-resolution C-arm CT scanning combined with streak metal artifact removal technology (SMART) in stent-assisted embolization of intracranial aneurysms, and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: From January 2018 to May 2018 at Zhengdong District Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of China, stent-assisted coil embolization was adopted in 41 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysms (42 aneurysms in total). Both conventional C-arm CT (Dyna CT)scanning and high resolution C-arm CT (Dyna microCT) scanning of stent implantation areas were separately performed during and after the treatment. The obtained images were processed with conventional reconstruction and SMART reconstruction. Two experts of neurointervention evaluated the reconstruction image quality and conducted quantitative statistical analysis of reconstruction image quality, including the visualization degree of the meticulous structures of the stent, the coil metal artifact, the opening degree of stent, the density of the embolized aneurysm, etc. Results: A total of 42 intracranial stents (26 Neuroform EZ stents and 16 LVIS stents) were used in successfully assisting embolization procedure of 42 aneurysms (single aneurysm in 40 patients and 2 aneurysms in one patient). Compared with Dyna CT with conventional reconstruction, Dyna microCT combined with SMART reconstruction remarkably improved the visualization of meticulous structures of the stent and strikingly reduced the metal artifacts produced by the platinum coils, the image quality was significantly improved (P < 0.05). With the help of the images produced by Dyna microCT combined with SMART reconstruction, also combined with operating-position angiography imaging, incomplete opening of 2 stents was detected, after stent dilatation with looped micro-guidewire or balloon the stent position was improved. The density at aneurismal neck area was not thick in 4 patients, and the embolization procedure was continued after adjusting the head end position of the microcatheter until satisfactory embolization effect was obtained. Conclusion: The combination use of high-resolution C-arm CT and SMART can effectively reduce the metal artifacts produced by the stent and coils and improve the quality of image, which are very helpful for the operator to judge the opening extent of metal stent in aneurysm parent artery and to estimate the embolization degree of the aneurysm neck area, based on which the operator can choose the corresponding treatment strategy. This novel imaging technique is of great value for making intraoperative evaluation in interventional operation of intracranial aneurysms. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • Developed a novel method for extracting of pyrolysis oil to obtain oligomers. • AL and CHRL-derived oligomers accounted for 23.4% and 14.31% of the respective PO. • The relationship between solvent used and properties of oligomers was revealed. -- Abstract: The existence of oligomers poses a huge challenge for the valorization and utilization of bio-oil, thus it is urgent to develop cost-effective fractionation techniques to improve the quality of bio-oil and realize its valorization. Herein, developed a simple and novel process based on the combination of water and organic solvents (dichloromethane and diethyl ether) extraction of AL and CHRL POs to obtain oligomer-rich fractions for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Confirmation of both the DI and EEI fractions obtained from two POs were lignin-derived oligomers by the combination of GC–MS and ESI⁺–HRMS analyses, where the AL- and CHRL-derived oligomers accounted for 23.4% and 14.31% of the respective PO mass, respectively. The results showed that the chemical compositions of each oligomer-rich fraction depended on the chemical nature of the extraction solvent selected and chemical compositions exerted a greater influence on thermal degradation behavior of oligomer-rich fraction than its molecular weight, and the “carbon residue” content was inversely proportional to its methoxy content. In addition, 2D HSQC NMR indicated that the side chain structures of the EEI fraction were more than the DI fraction derived from the same PO, which was attributed to the dichloromethane exhibits better δ_H ability with hydroxyl group than diethyl ether, while the aromatic structures were similar.

[en] Substructure hybrid simulation test (SHST) is a novel seismic experimental method for analyzing structures, which usually divides the global structure into two components: the experimental substructure and the numerical substructure. An SHST system based on the OpenFresco platform was established. To ensure the high accuracy of the numerical substructure in SHST, a finite element model that corresponded to a quasi-static experimental investigation on high-strength steel composite K-shaped eccentrically braced frame (K-HSS-EBF) was established and analyzed using OpenSees. A three-story and five-span spatial K-HSS-EBF was used as the prototype and the three-story steel frame with a K-eccentric brace on the left second span was taken as the experimental substructure. The remaining four-span was modeled as a numerical substructure in OpenSees. SHST was performed with a half-scale hybrid simulation model. According to the test results, the displacement loading precision of the experimental substructure was analyzed. In addition, the shear link rotations of the experimental and numerical substructures were compared. The time curve of the displacement and the base shear of the hybrid simulation model were also compared with the simulation results of the global numerical model. The results revealed that the seismic response characteristics of the K-HSS-EBF were successfully recaptured using the numerical substructure model established in OpenSees and the spatial SHST system based on OpenFresco.