[en] The surface and interface state of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD)/tris-(8-hydroquinoline)aluminum (Alq₃) thin film was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology TPD/Alq₃ has also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). XPS results at raw surface of the sample indicate that the O atoms originated from the absorbed O₂. The appearance of Al 2p peaks indicates the formation of interdiffusion system of TPD and Alq₃ during vacuum deposition and corresponds to the binding energy of Al³⁺. There are three components at 285.3, 286.4 and 287.3 eV, respectively. With the continuous increasing of the sputtering time, the increases of the relative intensity of the three components are visible. Additionally, all components undergo ∼0.3 eV chemical shifts to lower binding. A band bending in the interface of the TPD/Alq₃ caused the observed energetic shifts. The XPS interface analysis of the TPD/Alq₃ shows that the binding energy of Al 2p, O 1s and N 1s spectra also undergo chemical shifts during sputtering. The Al 2p core level undergoes a 0.62 eV chemical shift to higher binding energy, reflecting the energy band bending at the TPD/Alq₃ interface. The chemical shift of N 1s suggests that more net charge is expected to transfer from N atoms to the Al ions for argon ion sputtering. TPD molecules have influence on Al-N bond. With the increase of sputtering time, three new components of O 1s appear at 531.9, 531.0 and 530.3 eV corresponding to C-O, C=O and Al-O bond, respectively

[en] A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the organic electroluminescent (EL) material tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq₃) is meaningful for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Thin films of Alq₃ are among the most efficient EL molecular films known to date. Alq₃ sample was synthesized and purified. The purity of Alq₃ is up to 98.5%. The electronic structure and interaction in Alq₃ molecule have been studied. The results of a joint experimental investigation based on a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) spectra, infrared absorption (IRA) spectra, mass spectra (MS), X-ray emission (XRE) spectra and fluorescence spectra of Alq₃ have been obtained. The analysis on HNMR spectra of Alq₃ demonstrated that the coordinate interaction between Al³⁺ and O ion is more intensive than that between Al³⁺ and N ion. The Al-O bond is covalent bond in Alq₃ molecule. Alq₃ has two types of geometrical isomers, namely mer isomer and fac isomer. IRA spectra of Alq₃ indicate a very intensive chelation of aromatic ring. From the MS spectra the ratio of charge to mass of Alq₃ was obtained. Fluorescence data confirmed the existence of a fluorescent species formed between Al ion and 8-hydroxyquinolinol

[en] The amount of tritium retained in vanadium bed was measured by methods of direct measurement, isotope-exchange and dissolution. The standard deviations of three methods were separately analysed for the present experimental conditions. The results show that the percentage of tritium residual in the vanadium bed is 4.40%, and the standard deviation of PVT measurement method is less than 0.95%, when the pressure is between 1500 Pa and 133332 Pa. The average efficiency of isotope-exchange is 37.18% after isotope are exchanged time after time. Its standard deviation is 7.35%. Dissolution method can measure tritium in the V-bed completely, and its standard deviation is 6.49%. (authors)

[en] A brand new and feasible method for measuring the carrier lifetime and capture cross-section of a barrier by using the negative resistance segment of the I-V characteristics of a barrier-type thyristor (BTH) is put forward. The measuring principle and calculation method are given. The BTH samples are experimentally measured and the results are analyzed in detail. (semiconductor devices)

[en] The author describes the essence process for building the metal system for filling D-T gas under the high pressure. The system's leakage under the pressure of 15 MPa is (3.7-4.8) x 10^-4 Pa·L/s. The system is very safe and reliable proved by the experiment of filling gas to the microsphere, with handing a large quantity of tritium, e.g., 2.8 x 10¹⁴ Bq

[en] The transition of the barrier-type thyristor (BTH) from blocking to conducting-state occurs between two entirely contrary physical states with great disparity in nature. The physical effects and mechanisms of the transition are studied in depth. The features of the transition snapback point are analyzed in detail. The transition snapback point has duality and is just the position where the barrier is flattened. It has a significant influence on the capture cross-section of the hole and high-level hole lifetime, resulting in the device entering into deep base conductance modulation. The physical nature of the negative differential resistance segment I-V characteristics is studied. It is testified by using experimental data that the deep conductance modulation is the basic feature and the linchpin of the transition process. The conditions and physical mechanisms of conductance modulation are investigated. The related physical subjects, including the flattening of the channel barrier, the buildup of the double injection, the formation of the plasma, the realization of the high-level injection, the elimination of the gate junction depletion region, the deep conductance modulation, and the increase in the hole's lifetime are all discussed in this paper. (semiconductor devices)

[en] Operation principle, design principle, fabrication and cautions in operation of ultrahigh pressure He booster system are introduced, and main parts selection method and high pressure seal design of the booster system are discussed. The as-developed system can output 300 MPa helium gas with (3.5 ∼ 5.0) x 10^-7 Pa · m³/s leak rate through manual or automatic pressure boosting and keeping. Main function parameters of the system are accessed and compared with those of three congeneric systems. The result shows that the system was rationally designed with superior performance and safety, and the system would be used to test ICF microsphere filling DT system. (authors)

[en] The cryogenic deuterium-tritium targets are very important to laser inertial confinement fusion, and mainly adopt plastics capsule, Be shell,foam shell, etc. According to the performance of the shell material, several different techniques are taken to fabricate cryogenic deuterium-tritium targets. For plastics capsule, 'high pressure fill deuterium-tritium, then freeze to low temperature' or 'fill-tube fill deuterium-tritium' method is applied. For Be shell, 'condensation deuterium-tritium at low-pressure, low temperature' or 'diffuse-bonding two Be hemisphere shells at high temperature, high pressure' means is adopted. For foam shell, the way of 'Absorbtion of deuterium-tritium liquid' is used. The development and the tendency of above technique and methods are summarized. (authors)

[en] At vacuum, the metal vanadium was heated to high temperature for long time in order to remove the gas absorbed on the metal surface. After several absorbing- releasing deuteride circles, vanadium can be activated and the absorbed deuteride is saturated, and the vanadium-deuteride ratio is 2.0. The activating conditions are as follows: 400 degree C of the activating temperature, 4 h of the lasting time, 80-100 degree C of the initial adsorbing temperature, purified deuterium or D-T gas, 2 or 3 circles of absorbing-releasing deuteride. Study of vanadium hydride performance was also performed, and the parameters measured in experiment are as follows: 0.2 MPa of equilibrium pressure at 20 degree C and 60 MPa of equilibrium pressure at 200 degree C, 0.47 L/g of absorption capacity, 6.1% of residual capacity. The prepared vanadium hydride gas resource by this method has been successful applied in ICF high-pressure filling experiment. (authors)

[en] The research for gas-filling technology under control was carried out for cryogenic target with fill-tube, based on temperature gradient between the fuel reservoir and target cell. The effect of temperature gradient on fuel filling processes with different size targets was studied by theoretical calculation and experiment. The results show that the influence on the initial fill pressure difference is slight with respect to different final temperatures for fuel reservoir. In other words, it is suitable for gas-filling process for target with any diameter under control by temperature gradient. One can note that the fuel injectivity is more accuracy for the wide range temperature gradient as the temperature difference reduction for fuel liquefying, with the target diameter expansion. The sensitivity within ±3 μm/K for the reservoir at the operation temperature of 75 K is quite adequate for layer thickness control purposes, with regard to the target at the diameter of 2 mm and the fuel reservoir at the volume of 1.6 mL. These results could afford an important foundation for highly accuracy of fuel injectivity of cryogenic target. (authors)