[en] Here, we summarized the isolation, enrichment, and tracking of exosome, as well as its application in radio-and chemotherapy of cancer. Currently, the main extracting methods of exosome include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and chromatography. Exosome can be tracked by luciferase labeling. Exosome is characterized by specific surface markers and exists in most body fluids, which makes it a potential cancer marker. Moreover, increasing researches have focused on the vital role of exosomes in radiosensitivity, radiation damage, targeted therapy, and multidrug resistance of cancer cells. (authors)

[en] The magnetic field and electromagnetic force of the central solenoidal coil in China fusion engineering testing reactor (CFETR) are calculated based on Biot Safar's law. The Von-Mises stress is analyzed by the finite element tool ANSYS and the simulation result is evaluated based on analytical design, then a further research about the stress distribution at the large stress intensity area is performed. The above work will provide reference for the future fabrication. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the volume of liver lesions and the clinical severity and prognosis of pyrrolidine alkaloid-related hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (PA-HSOS). Methods: The clinical data of 45 patients with PA-HSOS (12 with histological confirmation) in our hospital from April 2015 to March 2020 were reviewed. The volume of heterogeneous hypoattenuation on CT was measured and correlated with the clinical severity using one-way analysis of variance. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate and the influence of risk factors on survival was determined using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: The main symptoms were abdominal distension (100%), ascites (93.3%), and jaundice (71.1%). CT findings included varying degrees of liver swelling with heterogeneous reduction of parenchymal density (92.1%) and patchy contrast enhancement in the portal vein and delay phases (100%). The lesion volume and ratio of lesion to liver volumes were positively correlated with the clinical severity. The median follow-up time was 21 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 72.5%. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the ratio of lesion to liver volumes (P = 0.012) and total bilirubin level (P = 0.005) were the main risk factors affecting patient survival. Conclusion: The volume of liver lesions on CT is positively correlated with the clinical severity. The ratio of lesion to liver volumes and the total bilirubin level are reliable predictors of patient survival in PA-HSOS. (authors)

[en] The Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) Central Solenoid Model Coil is being fabricated by the Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Model Coil is comprised of Nb₃Sn and NbTi modules held together by a preload structure. It will operate at 4.5 K to produce a peak field of 12 T at 48 kA. In order to investigate the feasibility and integrity of the Model Coil design before its manufacturing, the mechanical performance has been evaluated for the room temperature preload, 4.5 K stand-by and 48 kA operating conditions. A 1/15 3D detailed model that consists of jackets, insulations, bladders, buffers and preload structure, is constructed and simulated using the coupled structural-thermal-electromagnetic solver of ANSYS. In contrary to a smeared winding pack model, our analysis with the detailed model can directly and precisely simulate the differential thermal contraction effect of the preload structure, jacket and insulations, as well as the electromagnetic load acting on the jacket. The detailed deformation and stress behaviors of the Model Coil are illustrated and discussed. The results indicate that the final design of the CFETR Central Solenoid Model Coil is reasonably conservative and satisfy the design criteria. (paper)

[en] Long and well-aligned ZnO nanowires were hydrothermally synthesized on FTO glass based on a ZnO seed layer which was prepared by spin-coating and annealing techniques. The effect of the growth solution refreshment on the morphology of ZnO nanowires was investigated and the possible mechanism was discussed. After refreshing the growth solution for 5 cycles, ZnO nanowires of ∼ 120 nm in diameter and ∼ 20 μm in length were obtained. The prepared ZnO nanowires were used as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), showing excellent photovoltaic performance. With the increase of growth cycles of ZnO nanowires, the photocurrent of DSSCs increased obviously due to the increased dye loading on the surface of ZnO nanowires. The results indicated that the long and well-aligned ZnO nanowires are promising for DSSCs application. (semiconductor devices)

[en] A comprehensive research facility project was approved in December 2018 with funding of 345 million EUR, to support the research and development of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). As part of this project, a full-size CFETR toroidal field (TF) coil will be designed, manufactured and tested by the Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences. Two options are being explored in parallel for the TF coil design, using either circle-in-square or rectangular cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs). The rectangular CICC has been reported to have some merits for a DEMO TF coil, as reported in designs of the EU-DEMO and K-DEMO. First this paper presents the progress in the conceptual design of the CFETR TF coil with rectangular CICCs, according to the most recent reference single-null configuration and radial build of CFETR. Then, electromagnetic analyses are performed to give the magnetic field distributions, toroidal field ripple, in-plane and out-of-plane Lorentz loads. Finally, 3D global and 2D local mechanical analyses are conducted, and the detailed mechanical behavior of the TF coil is illustrated and discussed. Our analyses indicate that the present TF design is reasonable, considering the ITER criteria, and provides valuable insight into the mechanical behavior of the CFETR TF coil system. (paper)

[en] The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is the next tokamak in China’s roadmap for realizing commercial fusion energy. The CFETR cryogenic system is crucial to creating and maintaining operational conditions for its superconducting magnet system and thermal shields. The preliminary conceptual design of the CFETR cryogenic system has been carried out with reference to that of ITER. It will provide an average capacity of 75 to 80 kW at 4.5 K and a peak capacity of 1300 kW at 80 K. The electric power consumption of the cryogenic system is estimated to be 24 MW, and the gross building area is about 7000 m². The relationships among the auxiliary power consumed by the cryogenic system, the fusion power gain and the recirculated power of CFETR are discussed, with the suggestion that about 52% of the electric power produced by CFETR in phase II must be recirculated to run the fusion test reactor. (paper)

[en] For the safe operation of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with higher plasma performance discharge in future, it is important to study the effect of plasma disruption on central solenoid (CS) coils. The outlet temperature rise of CS1-6 coils measured in experiment is analyzed. It is found that the outlet temperature rise of CS1-6 coils caused by plasma disruption cannot be observed in experimental data, because the effect of plasma disruption on outlet of CS coils is a small value, and the discretization error of experimental data is bigger than this value. In addition, the maximum temperature of CS coils during the plasma discharge is simulated by SAITOKPF code, and it appears that the maximum temperature of CS coils increases a little in the plasma disruption, but the temperature rise is a small quantity

[en] Background Considering the nonlinearity of magnet material, the homogeneity of the material and the accuracy of the finite element numerical simulation, sufficient safety margin of the sector is left in the design of the main magnet. In order to obtain ideal isochronous magnetic field after the machining and assembling the magnet, the shimming procedure is necessary according to the actual measured magnetic field. It can ensure the safe implementation of the project. [Purpose] This study aims at the magnet shimming method that is very important for the design and manufacture of the main magnet of cyclotron. [Methods] First of all, the influence of different cutting parameters of magnet pole on the magnetic field in the middle plane was investigated by using the finite element analysis software TOSCA. Then the superposition effect of adjacent grooves on magnetic field was considered to give a numerical method for calculating the shimming value of the sectors. [Result and Conclusion] The feasibility of magnetic field shimming method was verified by simulation, which provides an effective basis for actual magnetic field shimming in the future. (authors)

[en] Disruption database and disruption warning database of the EAST tokamak had been established by a disruption research group. The disruption database, based on Structured Query Language (SQL), comprises 41 disruption parameters, which include current quench characteristics, EFIT equilibrium characteristics, kinetic parameters, halo currents, and vertical motion. Presently most disruption databases are based on plasma experiments of non-superconducting tokamak devices. The purposes of the EAST database are to find disruption characteristics and disruption statistics to the fully superconducting tokamak EAST, to elucidate the physics underlying tokamak disruptions, to explore the influence of disruption on superconducting magnets and to extrapolate toward future burning plasma devices. In order to quantitatively assess the usefulness of various plasma parameters for predicting disruptions, a similar SQL database to Alcator C-Mod for EAST has been created by compiling values for a number of proposed disruption-relevant parameters sampled from all plasma discharges in the 2015 campaign. The detailed statistic results and analysis of two databases on the EAST tokamak are presented. (paper)