[en] Highlights: • The higher the temperature is, the less the NO generated in CO_2. • The already-existed NO or thermal NO inhibits the formation of NO. • The recommended strategy for coal combustion in O_2/CO_2 is concluded. • Cumulative percentage model (CPM) describing fuel-NO formation process is constructed. - Abstract: A fixed-bed reaction platform was employed to study the influences of combustion atmospheres (O_2/N_2, O_2/Ar and O_2/CO_2), oxygen concentrations, combustion temperatures, and particle diameters on the combustion behavior of Shen Hua (SH) bituminous. It was found that in O_2/CO_2, the fuel-NO yield per O_2 consumption (Y_N_O) is the lowest among the three atmospheres. All the tests in O_2/CO_2 show that Y_N_O decreases with increasing combustion temperature. On the basis of the tests in N_2 and Ar atmospheres at high temperature (1873 K), the inhibition of fuel-NO by thermal-NO was revealed quantitatively. As the combustion temperature increases, the pulverized coal ignites earlier and the combustion durations get shorter. When at a low temperature (1273 K), the combustion duration in the CO_2 atmosphere is twice or three times longer than that in N_2 and Ar atmospheres. When the temperature is above 1573 K, the combustion durations in CO_2 atmosphere are nearly the same as that of the other two atmospheres, indicating the high temperature would guarantee similar combustion characteristics between O_2/CO_2 and O_2/N_2. Furthermore, according to all the fuel-NO cumulative curves of the reaction processes, a cumulative percentage mathematical model (CPM) describing the fuel-NO release process in context of oxygen concentration, temperature, burnout rate, and atmosphere was proposed for comprehensive understanding of experimental results. As the combustion temperature and oxygen concentration increases, larger portion of fuel-NO is formed prior to coal burnout due to the enhanced char gasification and pyrolysis at high temperature. This phenomenon is enhanced in CO_2 atmosphere, which further facilitates the reduction of fuel-NO.

[en] From a copper target, laser-ablated plasma was investigated by spectral- and temporal-resolved emission spectroscopy. With the presence of a 0.8 T steady magnetic field, the emission of the expanding plasma showed significant enhancements of the spectral lines for all neutral, singly, and doubly ionized species. The relative enhancements for different species have been studied with temporal-resolved measurement by comparing the spectra obtained with and without the magnetic field. The enhanced emission from the plasma plume is attributed to an increase of the radiative recombination rate in the plasma due to magnetic confinement. The temporal evolution of the plasma parameters, including electron temperature and electron density, was deduced and discussed for the cases with and without a magnetic field

[en] The author introduces the technique feature of stope leaching and the quality of ore heap that can directly affect the leaching effect, and also introduces the main factors and comprehensive study and application state etc. It describes the basis of the general law technique. The most important method of controlling the quality of ore heap is described and discussed, and the optimum control parameters of ore heap quality and developing orientation are proposed

[en] The author carries out the preliminary analysis and discussion for ore stacking by blasting, one of the main processes in stope leaching, from the aspects of the project selection, effect of ore stacking and the technical requirements for ore heap, around the characteristics of technology in stope leaching, combined with physical-chemical principle of leaching process and according to the first practice at home and related theories. The effect of ore stacking by tight-face blasting and opinions needed to improve in theory and practice are presented

[en] With the increasing use of nuclear energy, the requirement of nuclear accident evaluation is getting higher and higher. At the time of nuclear accident, it is necessary to estimate the atmospheric diffusion process of radionuclide in nuclear accident accurately, and obtain the concentration distribution of airborne radionuclide in the surface, Can provide a scientific basis for mitigating the hazards of accidents. In this paper, the Fukushima nuclear accident is taken as an example. Based on the Gaussian smoke model, the Lagrangian model and the Eulerian model, the atmospheric radioactivity is analyzed in different models according to IRSN, JAEA, JMA, CEREA and CRIEPI The spread of nuclides, and its effectiveness to explore the analysis. (authors)

[en] Organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was synthesized by cationic exchange between Na-MMT and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in an aqueous solution. Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)/(OMMT) nanocomposites was prepared by γ-ray irradiation polymerization. The dispersion degree and the intercalation spacing of these nanocomposites were investigated with the X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The thermal stabilities of the samples were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The nanocomposites had higher storage modulus and higher glass transition temperature (T_g) than the pure PMMA, which were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

[en] Organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was synthesized by cationic exchange between Na-MMT and tricetadecylmethyl ammonium bromide in an aqueous solution. A new nanocomposite consisting of poly(butyl acrylate)-modified chitosan and OMMT was prepared by γ-ray irradiation polymerization in acetic acid aqueous solution. The degree of dispersion and the intercalation spacing of these nanocomposites were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The enhanced thermal stabilities of nanocomposites were characterized by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The improved mechanical properties of nanocomposites were characterized by static tensile studies and dynamic mechanical analysis. The nanocomposites showed improved resistance to water absorption

[en] Development a novel inorganic salt eutectic solution for cold energy storage material (ESM) have succeeded conducted in this study. The eutectic solutions shows a low melting temperature and high latent heat of fusion value as effect of addition nano copper powder into the eutectic solution. We report a new simulation technique of thermal property as well as test results of three inorganic salts. The thermal property of three inorganic salts were simulated using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method with the help of three binary phase diagrams. The simulation shows the liquidus temperature of each binary phase diagram conforming nicely to the theoretical prediction of the Gibbs-Duhem equation. In order to predict cold storage keeping time, we derived a heat transfer model based on energy conservation law. Three ESMs were tested for their cold energy storage performance and thermal properties aging for durability. The empirical results indicate that, for food cold chain, the melting point rule is superior with less deviation. With this information, one can pre-estimate the basic design parameters with great accuracy; the cost of design and development for a new cold storage logistics system can be dramatically reduced. - Highlights: • For these three ESMs, their modified values of melting point and latent heat are presented in Table 2. • But, TC is usually not a constant like TE. • The freezing time underwent a drop ∼10% in the binary eutectic region.

[en] The thin film growth evolution associated with changes in Ti’s body-centered cubic (bcc) to hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase transformations in Ti/Nb multilayered thin films is addressed. An in situ laser interferometer curvature measurement technique was used to monitor the intrinsic growth stresses for a series of these multilayers, with each multilayer having a different bilayer spacing but equivalent individual layer thickness. The initial Ti layer grows on Nb with a positive stress-thickness product slope up to ∼2 nm, whereupon it transitions to a slightly negative growth stress slope. This transition has been associated with the bcc to hcp Ti transformation. The Nb growth exhibited a significantly steeper stress-thickness product slope regardless of the Ti phase state. The decreasing interfacial stress between the two layers contributed to a collectively more compressive stress state for the multilayer. Atom probe tomography revealed Ti segregation to the columnar grain boundaries and significant Nb intermixing into the bcc Ti layer, which is rationalized as a surface exchange process driven by interfacial thermodynamic considerations. Using a molecular dynamics deposition simulation, this intermixing was found to be paramount in stabilizing the bcc Ti layer to larger layer thicknesses

[en] Highlights: • DNS coupled with LPT is proposed to study the deposition of particles in turbulent flow. • The results are validated by several theoretical and empirical equations. • The study reveals the diffusion and deposition mechanism of particles with different sizes. • Gravity dominates the deposition of large particles in the low Reynolds number turbulent flow. • Deposition is mainly determined by the turbulence and Brownian motion for small particles. - Abstract: Aerosol behaviors have a great effect on the evaluation of the leak rate of the coolant in the concept of Leak Before Break (LBB) in the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) as the coolant will be released into the containment mainly in the form of aerosols if there exists a leak in the primary loop. The transportation and deposition of aerosol particles strongly affect the accuracy of evaluating the leakage source term. In this paper, direct numerical simulation coupled with Lagrangian particle tracking is proposed aiming at the transportation and deposition of polydisperse micron-sized particles in low Reynolds number turbulent horizontal flow. Results are validated by several theoretical and empirical equations. The study reveals the diffusion and deposition mechanism of particles with different sizes. It indicates that gravity plays a main role in the deposition of large particles (d_p > 10 μm) in the low Reynolds number turbulent flow (Re < 6000). For small particles, deposition is mainly determined by the turbulence and Brownian motion. The size distribution of the deposited particles is different with the initial particle size distribution, which indicates that the particle size distribution in the containment may be not the same as the leaked particle size distribution.