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[en] The Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator method developed by Zubarev is generalized and applied to the study of hot-electron transport in semiconductors. The steady-state balance equations for momentum and energy are derived to the lowest order in the electron-lattice coupling. We show that the derived balance equations are exactly the same as those obtained by Lei and Ting. This equivalence stems from the fact that to the linear order in the electron-lattice coupling, two statistical density matrices have identical effect when they are used to calculate the average value of a dynamical operator. The application to the steady-state and transient hot-electron transport in multivalley semiconductors is also discussed. (author). 28 refs, 1 fig

[en] Lignite, a kind of low rank coal, has the characteristics of high moisture, high volatile, high ash and low heat value. The low-temperature pyrolysis technology is potential to improve the utilization efficiency of lignite. Therefore, a lignite-based energy system integrated with pre-drying and low-temperature pyrolysis was proposed in this paper. To assess the influence of pre-drying process, theoretical models were developed based on thermodynamics, and a case analysis was then performed to get the quantitative effect of pre-drying on efficiency of energy utilization. Results show that pre-drying on PPPS theoretical model can significantly improve the utilization of lignite by 1.46%. (Author)

[en] The complete hydrodynamic theory of polarizable and magnetizable isotropic liquids is presented. This is a century-old problem that the authors claim to have solved. Starting from an extensive discussion of the results and controversies of the past 90 years, and of the present literature, the obvious difficulties are first presented and then cleansed of their notational content. Using only input of universal acceptance, the Lorentz transformation, the macroscopic Maxwell equations, and the thermodynamics, a set of hydrodynamic equations of motion is derived rigorously, without any ad-hoc assumptions or residual ambiguities. Definite expressions are especially provided for the total momentum density, its stress tensor, and the acceleration of a polarized body. Other controversial concepts, such as the field momentum density, the pressure, and the force density in the polarized body, are shown to be arbitrary, the extent of which, however, is clarified. 31 refs

[en] The authors study the hydrodynamics of the A-B interface with finite curvature. The interface tension is shown to reduce both the transition velocity and the amplitudes of second sound. In addition, the magnetic signals emitted by the growing bubble are calculated, and the interaction between many growing bubbles is considered

[en] The magnetic signals emitted by a moving A-B interface are calculated using the spin hydrodynamic theory and the general boundary conditions at the A-B interface. Most experimental observations are well accounted for. The authors especially find the following behavior for the excess magnetization: (i) It vanishes if the interface velocity u is below a threshold; (ii) it starts growing with u² above the threshold, spreads considerably in the A phase, and develops a leading edge; (iii) it diverges as u approaches the spin wave velocity

[en] Two oscillating superleak transducers, one serving as generator, the other as detector, of first and second sound, situated at opposite ends of a one-dimensional resonance cavity, are considered. Included in the analysis are the dissipative effects of normal viscous slip and thermal diffusion through the porous membrane. The calculated amplitude and linewidth of the receiver response, both close to and away from the membrane resonance, show good agreement with available experimental data

[en] Short communication

[en] The effects of anodic aging time and potential on the corrosion resistance, stability and constitution of the passive film formed on an Fe-24Mn-4Al-5Cr alloy in 50% HNO₃ solution were studied by using combined electrochemical measurements and Auger electron spectroscopic (AES)/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. In the anodic passive region, prolonged anodic aging time or increased passivating potential can induce better protective and stable properties of the passive film and better resistance to corrosion. With increasing aging time from 15 min to 5 h, the time required for the potential decay from the passive to active state increases from about 300 up to above 12,000 s, and the corrosion resistance in 1 mol l^-1 Na₂SO₄ solution of Fe-24Mn-4Al-5Cr alloy, characterized by polarization curves, is superior to that of Fe-13% Cr-0.1% C stainless steel. AES and XPS analyses of the aging passive film show that these improvements of properties are related to modifications of the passive layer with time. The increase of resistance to corrosion is attributed to Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ enrichment and oxides of Fe and Mn depletion in the passive film and a thickening of the effective barrier layer of oxides

[en] Under a wide range of circumstances, experiments at the superfluid-solid interface of ⁴He are shown to yield information on only one combination of surface Onsager coefficients. This combination contains the growth coefficient as well as the Kapitza resistance and the cross coefficient