[en] Pulse Precipitation Reactor System is a system which can get the target sediment by mixing up with pulse gas, which can improve the mixing effect and the efficiency of the reaction. The high-low pressure room's open size of Pulse Precipitation Reactor can influence the energy change of pulse generator, and then affect the aim liquid's mixing up. Based on the known device parameters, and using the simulation calculation of CFD technology to find the influences which different pulse cycles can make to mixing up, we can make sure the best pulse cycle is 1.2 s though the change of pulse pressure change, average of water, vertical velocity and change of water volume in pulse precipitation reactor's comparative analysis. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • We find curcumin can rectify the fate of TSPCs in a pathological environment. • Controlled-release curcumin is a possible therapeutic strategy for tendon disease. • This study is an example of “old drug, new trick”. -- Abstract: Tendon calcification is a common but intractable problem leading to pain and activity limitation when injury or tendinopathy progresses into the late stage. This is because tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) can undergo aberrant osteogenic differentiation under inflammatory conditions. This study aims to investigate the effect of curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory agent, on regulating the differentiation of TSPCs in tendon calcification. With inflammatory stimulation, TSPCs showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity and more frequent formation of mineralized nodules which were verified in the culture system; however, curcumin significantly alleviated these pathological changes. In in vivo function analysis, chitosan microsphere-encapsulated curcumin was delivered to injured sites of rat tendon ectopic calcification model. The inflammation in the tendon tissues of the curcumin group was significantly relieved. Controlled-release curcumin partially rescued tendon calcification and enhanced tendon regeneration in animal model. This study demonstrates that controlled-release curcumin can manipulate the fate decision of TSPCs, and that it promotes the tenogenesis and inhibits the osteogenesis of TSPCs in a pathological microenvironment, which provides a possible new therapeutic strategy for tendon disease.