[en] At present, there is no instrument for waste resin or water interface measurement at home and abroad. Based on the magnetostrictive principle, a measurement method of waste resin/water interface using driving device as auxiliary means is proposed. On this basis, the overall design of the measurement system is carried out, and the corresponding measurement system is designed. The designed system is verified by experiments. The test results show that the measurement system realizes the measurement of waste resin or water interface, and is with the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, miniaturization, modularization, adjustable lifting speed, and easy installation and maintenance. The successful development of the system solves the problem of waste resin or water interface measurement, and it is worthy of promotion and further engineering application in the process of radioactive waste liquid treatment. (authors)

[en] Graphene supported transition metal (M) catalyst can not only effectively solve the agglomeration problem of ultrafine metal nanoparticles, but also increase the activity of metal nanoparticles. However, the traditional preparation of graphene was complex, it was prepared quickly by segregating the dissolved carbon atoms from iron in this work. The performance test of Fe@G@M (M=Fe, Ni and Co) showed that Fe@G@Co catalyst had the best catalytic activity in ESR at 550 °C. The experimental yield of H₂ was higher than thermodynamic yield, attributed to the reaction of amorphous carbon and Fe with steam. The structure and morphology of catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman and so on. Because of the reaction between amorphous carbon and steam, CoFe alloy was found in spent Fe@G@Co catalyst. It was found that the content of multilayer graphene was predominant in Fe@G@Co catalyst, proved by reaction of catalysts with steam. The DFT results showed that ethanol and water were adsorbed most strongly on Co (111) surface, it demonstrated the higher catalytic performance of Fe@G@Co catalyst in ESR. (paper)

[en] The development of cost-effective electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of paramount significant for future renewable energy. Pt-based catalysts have been recognized as the most effective electrocatalysts for HER. Developing low-cost and excellent electrocatalysts is a crucial step to achieve its commercial application, because of its high cost and scarcity. In this study, we fabricate carbon encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (NPs) and low Pt NPs supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These samples are synthesized through catalytic decomposition of methane on Ni/CNT catalyst, and Ni/CNT is prepared using the polyol reduction method. Ni@C and Pt are uniformly dispersed on the CNTs. Ni@C-10 with low Pt loading (0.49wt%) exhibits superior HER activity and excellent stability even higher than that of commercial 20wt% Pt/C. Ni@C-10 (Pt loading is 4.3 µg cm⁻² on the working electrode) exhibits negligible onset potential, and only 40 mV vs RHE potential is required to support 10 mA cm⁻² in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ aqueous solution, which is better than 19 mV of Pt/C (59 mV). It achieve a low Tafel slope of 31.7 mV dec⁻¹ close to Pt/C (29.3 mV dec⁻¹). After 2000 cycles, it exhibits negligible potential shift (1 mV). This study provides an avenue for developing the efficient catalysts for HER with low Pt loading.

[en] Highlights: • La_0.8Ce_0.2Ni_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ catalyst shows best activity for hydrogen-rich syngas production. • Oxygen vacancy is produced form distort Ni–O and Ni–O–Ni/Fe bond, enhancing catalyst activity. • The partial blend of acetone can be inhibited ketonization reaction in steam reforming acetic acid. Conversion of biomass tar to useful hydrogen-rich syngas will solve environmental issues related to tar emission as well as increase the overall efficiency of biomass conversion. There are various catalysts to achieve that. In this study, La_1-xCe_xNi_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is selected, and acetic acid has been used as a biomass tar model. Fixed-bed reactor was used for this investigation, while the catalyst characterization has been done mainly by X-ray Adsorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), CO₂-temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The results showed that La_0.8Ce_0.2Ni_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ has the highest acetic acid conversion (68.7%) and hydrogen yield (63.6%). Which is attributed to its more catalytic defect, stable structure and stronger basicity. Furthermore, to express more comprehensively on tar models, La_0.8Ce_0.2Ni_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ were investigated with blends of acetic acid and acetone with different mole ratios (1:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:1) in temperature ranges (500 °C–900 °C), and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV = 12.02 h⁻¹-15.63 h⁻¹). The highest carbon conversion (85.7%) and hydrogen yield (88.5%) were obtained at 600 °C, mole ratio = 4:1, and WHSV = 14.43 h⁻¹. It is noted that the result of the blend was better; however, based on in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS) investigation, the enhancement ascribed to inhibition of ketonization reaction was occurred with pure acetic acid. In addition, high reaction temperature and weight hourly space velocity decrease the catalytic activity by accelerating sub-reaction and graphitization coke deposition. In a word, La_0.8Ce_0.2Ni_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ catalyst shows good performance with hydrogen yield over 70% during 1440 min at optimum conditions.