No abstract available

[en] This paper reports that CT has been evaluated as a potential tool for the follow-up of lung and heat-lung transplantation in 21 patients and correlated with results of transbronchial biopsies. One hundred ninety-one Ct scans were serially obtained every 2 weeks for 2 months, then every 2 months for a year, and finally every 3 months for a year in 21 patients (eight lung and 13 heart-lung transplant patients) over a maximum period of 25 months. Ninety-eight CT scans were obtained and analyzed concomitantly with transbronchial biopsies. CT was performed with a CE 1200 (GE-CCR) system, with use of the high-resolution mode when possible. The ground-glass pattern was observed on 12 CT scans during acute rejection episodes and on six CT scans without rejection (one case of recurrent fibrosis, one case of lymphoma, two cases of cytomegalovirus infection, and two cases of undetermined biopsy result). The CT scan was normal in one case with a positive biopsy for rejection and concomitant with 32 negative biopsies. Pleural effusion was notices in only one episode of acute rejection

[en] This paper reports that after thrombolysis, ultrafast cardiac MR imaging with Gd-DOTA bolus injection was evaluated as a potential tool to differentiate between occlusive and reperfused acute myocardial infarction in humans. Ten patients suffering acute myocardial infarction were studied after thrombolysis by the Turbo FLASH sequence (TR = 4.5 msec; TE = 3 msec; TI = 300 msec; flip angle = 8 degrees) gated to end diastole after an IV bolus injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of Gd-DOTA. The coronary artery patency was studied with selective coronary angiography. MR images obtained on the sort-axis view were analyzed for difference in signal intensity during the first pass of Gd-DOTA and for the delay of increase signal intensity in both normal and jeopardized myocardium with use of time-density curves. Preliminary results demonstrated increased signal intensity in the normally perfused myocardium and delayed enhancement in jeopardized myocardium

[en] The phonon dispersion of fcc argon under high pressure to 20 GPa has been measured along the (100) direction by inelastic x-ray scattering. First, this shows a novel possibility to investigate the single crystal dynamical properties under very high pressure in a diamond anvil cell. Second, the comparison between experiment and phonon calculations, using pair potentials (either the pure two-body potential or an effective pair potential) and a Slater-Kirkwood form for the three-body interaction, clearly demonstrates that phonon energies can be strongly influenced under high pressure by the nonadditive part of the interaction

[en] The aim of this review is to discuss the imaging available for diagnostic, therapy and follow-up for lung cancer management. (author)

[en] The equation of state is the macroscopic relationship between energy, temperature, density and pressure. It represents changes concerning microscopic structures, electronic configurations and quantum features of matter. The knowledge of the equation of state of hydrogen is essential for an accurate computation of the gain in inertial fusion targets. We have built an equation of state of the hydrogen that reaches a 4% accuracy in all the thermodynamic range. This multiphase equation of state is thermodynamically consistent and has been adjusted on a complete grid of ab-initio calculations covering solid molecular hydrogen to very dense plasmas. (A.C.)

[en] The exceptional properties of synchrotron radiation: high flux, possibility of varying the wave-length, coherence, polarization, have allowed spectacular advances in the structural analysis of condensed matter. This document gathers 5 short articles that illustrate the great diversity of the results: the first article deals with the crystallography of biological molecules that opens the way to studying the relationship between the shape of the protein and its functioning, the second article presents the study of magnetism of multi-ferroic materials with the help of X-rays, the third article describes how X-ray coherent diffraction can reveal deformations and topological defects of crystals, the fourth article shows how grazing incidence techniques shed light on the organisation of surfaces, interfaces or nano-structures, the last article presents the potentiality of the synchrotron radiation for studying the behaviour of matter under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. (A.C.)

[en] We have studied the effect of high pressure, up to 93 GPa, on the yield strength of tantalum single crystals, deformed in a relatively low strain regime (plastic strain smaller than 21%) in a diamond anvil cell. The stress tensor in the sample was calculated by an analysis of its x-ray diffracted signal; the sample strain was determined by an interferrometric method. Even if no dramatic effect of the pressure on the yield stress has been observed, the values of the measured yield strength are higher than expected within the elastic theory of dislocations. This could be due to a coupled effect of pressure and plastic strain

[en] The exceptional properties of synchrotron radiation: high flux, possibility of varying the wave-length, coherence, polarization, have allowed spectacular advances in the structural analysis of condensed matter. This document gathers 5 short articles that illustrate the great diversity of the results: the first article deals with the crystallography of biological molecules that opens the way to studying the relationship between the shape of the protein and its functioning, the second article presents the study of magnetism of multi-ferroic materials with the help of X-rays, the third article describes how X-ray coherent diffraction can reveal deformations and topological defects of crystals, the fourth article shows how grazing incidence techniques shed light on the organisation of surfaces, interfaces or nano-structures, the last article presents the potentiality of the synchrotron radiation for studying the behaviour of matter under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. (A.C.)

[en] Solid-fluid equilibrium was measured in ⁴He between 7 and 18GPa (220-400 K). The melting line was fitted up to 280 K, for an f.c.c. solid, using an exponential pair potential. Experimental evidence for a b.c.c. phase at high temperature is discussed and compared with two calculations on the relative stability of the two structures