[en] The pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-rays at the 9th day after conception. The results: ⁶⁰Co γ-rays at dose of 1.0 Gy could induced many defects: excenphaly, hydrocephalus, gastroschisis, cleft palate and cleft lip, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, shorten tail and absent tail in surviving fetuses. The growth retardation was found from the parameters of fetal weight, height, head circle and development of skeleton. In the group of radiation dose 0.5 Gy, only hydrocephalus, absent tail and growth retardation of skeleton appeared. The results suggest that low-dose exposure in the early pregnant rats can induce fetal defects and growth retardation. The probable mechanism of teratogen and growth retardation was discussed. The cAMP levels of brain and liver of rat fetuses were reported

[en] Objective: To observe if cadmium chloride could induce cross adaptive response to and its time effect on cytogenetic damage of mouse embryonic cells caused by ionizing radiation. Methods: The mice were pre-treated with iv injection of cadmium chloride solution on gestation d 9, then they were exposed to 1.5 cGy ⁶⁰Co γ-rays at different time intervals. Chromosome preparation was made on gestation d 10. Results: 0.25-2 mg Cd/kg body weight could induce resistance to cytogenetic damage of embryonic cells of mice caused by ionizing radiation and the adaptive response appeared 4 h after pre-exposure, at 8h reached the peak, but 12 to 24 h later synergism appeared. Conclusion: Cadmium chloride could induce cross adaptive response to ⁶⁰Co γ-rays which had relations with time interval of ionizing radiation

[en] A device is designed to deposit metals on double-shell targets. The plating mechanism is described in detail, as well as structure and function. The special structure of the tank make the growing speed of upper surface faster than that of the lower. Rotation and revolution of the micro spheres make the deposit grow uniformly. The special flow pattern of plating bath reduces the number of parameters, and make the process easy to control. Determinants of layer thickness and uniformity were researched. The results show that the new plating tank has a better performance than the old one. Layer thickness is determined by depositing time, metal density, solution density, equivalent density of the micro spheres. (authors)

[en] Objective: To observe the individual and combined effects of exposure to γ rays and hyperthermia on the development of embryonic brains. Methods: the pregnant LACA mice were exposed to 1.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co-γ rays, 42 degree C hyperthermia for 10 minutes or the two treatments combined together on day 9 of pregnancy. The females were sacrificed on day 18 of pregnancy and the fetuses were gained by cesarean section. The appearance of fetuses was observed and, then, the weight of fetal brains, the cell number of whole brains, the contents of nucleic acid and protein in brain tissue and the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain tissue as a marker for cholinergic neurons were determined. Results: Nervous tube defects did not occur in all groups. Compared with the control group, all the indices determined significantly declined in the radiation group while the cell number of whole brains and the AChE activity in brain tissue significantly decreased in the hyperthermia group. In the group of hyperthermia in advance, 4 hours later, followed by exposure to radiation, the AChE activity in brain tissue was significantly higher than the single radiation group. In the group of prior radiation exposure, 4 hours later, followed by hyperthermia, all the indices did not present significant difference from the single radiation group. Conclusion: The effects of 42 degree C hyperthermia for 10 minutes on the development of mouse embryo's brains are much weaker than 1.0 Gy γ radiation. It seems that the hyperthermia in advance can induce mouse fetuses to produce the cross adaptability to the following exposure to radiation. Exposure to γ radiation followed by hyperthermia does not present and additive action or a synergistic action

[en] The cytogenetic cross-adaptive to ionizing radiation and Cadmium were explored, by using embryo cells of mice. The results showed that 1,2,4 and 8 cGy ⁶⁰Co γ-rays could reduce the frequency of chromosome aberration in embryo cells of mice in vivo caused by subsequent Cd 4 mg/kg body weight; By contrast, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg Cd could reduce the frequency of chromosome aberration in embryo cells of mice in vivo caused by subsequent 1.5 cGy ⁶⁰Co γ-rays. The time effects of 0.5 mg/kg Cd to 1.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-rays on the cross-adaptive response in embryo cells of mice were observed. The time interval 0.5 h, the cross-resistance no significant p > 0.05, the time interval 4 h, p < 0.05, 8 h, p < 0.01, but time interval 12 h and 24 h, no cross-resistance were observed, instead of cooperation. All these results indicate that the ionizing radiation and cadmium each other could induce cross-adaptive response and have time effect

[en] To study the effects of heat and ionizing radiation on mouse embryos, the LACA mice were exposed to 42 degree C for 10 min and 1.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ rays on the 9th day after gestation, and development of mouse embryos were observed and the contents of DNA, RNA and protein in the brains of mouse embryos were measured on the 18th day after gestation. Results demonstrated that 1.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ rays irradiation, compared with control, could induce the development retardation for mouse embryos, and the contents of nucleic acids and protein in brains of mouse embryos irradiated were less. Meanwhile 42 degree C exposure induce insignificant or less effects. The mouse group with 42 degree C treatment followed by 1.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co irradiation showed the effects at the level between the groups with 42 degree C and 1.0 Gy irradiation. Thus, exposure of mouse embryos to 42 degree C for 10 min prior to irradiation may be could induce their adaptive response to irradiation

[en] In this work, electrodeposition was employed to deposit a series of thin films, including SnS, SnSe, SnS/SnSe, and SnSe/SnS, onto ITO conductive glass, which were then characterized by XRD, EDS, XPS, SEM, and UV–Vis absorption spectrophotometry. The XRD and SEM results verified the successful preparation of these films, while the EDS and XPS results suggested that the atomic ratio approached 1 for the SnS and SnSe films. According to the UV–Vis absorption spectra, the optical absorption properties were greatly improved for the SnS/SnSe and SnSe/SnS bilayer films compared with those of the monolayer films. For SnS and SnSe, direct band gaps of 1.82 and 1.29 eV and indirect band gaps of 1.03 and 0.89 eV, respectively, were separately obtained from the calculations. The photoelectrochemical properties of the as-fabricated films were further investigated under simulated sunlight, and excellent photoresponses and photostabilities were exhibited by all the samples. The photocurrent densities of SnS, SnSe, SnS/SnSe and SnSe/SnS films were 22, 19, 26, and 20 μA/cm², respectively.

[en] Highlights: • g-C₃N₄-BiOCl_xBr_1−x direct Z-scheme heterojunctions were constructed. • The band structures of g-C₃N₄-BiOCl_xBr_1−x heterojunctions were optimized. • g-C₃N₄-BiOCl_0.5Br_0.5 heterojunction presented excellent pollution decomposition. • The enhancement mechanism was established based on the synergistic effects of modification strategies. A series of g-C₃N₄-BiOCl_xBr_1−x direct Z-scheme heterojunctions were successfully constructed by direct pyrolysis and solvothermal routes. Direct Z-scheme system not only efficiently separated the charge carriers, but also retained their strong oxidizing and reducing capacity. In addition, the light absorption of BiOCl_xBr_1−x solid solutions extended into the visible light region with the increase of bromine content. Benefiting from the joint utilization of heterojunction construction and solid solution fabrication strategies, g-C₃N₄-BiOCl_0.5Br_0.5 (g-C5B5) heterojunction presented notably improved photocatalytic activity with the apparent rate constant of 0.1698 min⁻¹. The synergistic effects were mainly expounded as the enhanced visible-light response, promoted separation of electron-hole pairs and optimized redox potentials of charge carriers, which was further verified on the basis of photocatalytic experiment and a series of characterization. This work provides a novel insight to design high-efficiency photocatalysts with reasonable structure for removing environmental pollutants and converting solar energy.