[en] The present paper deals with the measurement of energy losses and the charge states of ions in respectively behind thin carbon foils. Thereby the energy range from 10 to 300 keV pro charge was considered. (orig./HSI)

[en] Numerical calculations of the charge state distributions of test ions in a hot plasma under nonequilibrium conditions are presented. The mean ionic charges of heavy ions for finite residence times in an instantaneously heated plasma and for a non-Maxwellian electron distribution function are derived. The results are compared with measurements of the charge states of solar energetic particles, and it is found that neither of the two simple cases considered can explain the observations

[en] Assuming that monochromatic ion cyclotron wave trains are generated in the corona above active regions on the sun, the influence of these waves on the distribution function of minority ion species is studied using a numerical test particle approach. In certain regions of phase space a sensitive dependence on the initial conditions of the nonlinearly coupled system of waves and gyrating ions produces stochastic behavior and leads to energy transfer between waves and particles. This results in a heating of the particle distribution. Ions in the tail of the distribution function could be injected into an accelerating process which acts upon particles above a certain threshold parameter (e.g. rigidity). The dependence on particle mass and ionic charge of that fraction of the distribution that fulfills the threshold requirement is evaluated. The results are compared with the observed abundances in solar flares. 25 references

[en] Mean ionic charge of iron in He-3-rich solar flares and the average mean charge of silicon for 23 He-3-rich periods during the time interval from September 1978 to October 1979 were determined. It is indicated that the value of the mean charge state of silicon is higher than the normal flare average by approximately 3 units, and in perticular it is higher then the value predicted by resonant heating models for He-3-rich solar flares

[en] The charge state of Si in solar flares with enhanced He-3 is investigated on the basis of measurements obtained at a sunward distance of about 230 earth radii by the ultralow-energy Z, E, and Q sensor of ISEE 3 during 1978-1979. The data are presented in tables and graphs and characterized. The charge is found to have a mean of about 14 and a 99-percent-confidence-level lower bound of 11.7, as compared to 11.0 + or - 0.3 for normal flare events. Also presented are corrections to the mean Fe charges reported by Klecker et al. (1984). Both mean charge states indicate a source temperature of about 10 million K and appear to be incompatible with the mechanism proposed by Fisk (1978) to explain He-3 enrichment. 35 references

[en] Numerical calculations of the mean equilibrium charge of energetic ions after passing through a hot (more than 100,000 K), tenuous plasma are presented. For this medium, the charge state distributions of the projectiles are determined mainly by the interaction with the plasma electrons. The equilibrium distributions established by the balance between ionization and recombination collisions are calculated for the ions of C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and S with energies from 100 keV per nucleon to 10 MeV per nucleon and for plasma temperatures from 10,000 K to 10 million K. The mean charges of the projectiles are, in general, higher than those established after passing through a neutral medium (gas or solid) and are also higher than the mean charges of ions at rest and in thermal equilibrium with the plasma. Shell effects are important and lead in certain parameter ranges to mean charges that change only very little with projectile energy or plasma temperature. The results are relevant for the interpretation of charge states of solar energetic particles and may be of interest also in the context of fusion research. 34 references

[en] The mean ionic charges and source-region temperatures of flare-accelerated N, Ne, Mg, Si and S in three large solar-energetic-particle events during 1978-1979 are determined from ISEE-3 observations, extending the findings of Hovestadt et al. (1981) and Gloeckler et al. (1981) for C, He, O, and Fe. The results are presented in tables and graphs, and the charge states are shown to correspond to different source temperatures even in the same flare, assuming equilibration in the hot plasma. The electron temperatures range from 2 x 10 to the 6th K for C, N, O, Si, and S, 4 x 10 to the 6th K for Ne and Fe, and 7 x 10 to the 6th K for Mg. The possibility that these temperature inconsistencies reflect different stages in the approach to equilibrium is considered. 10 references

[en] The time-of-flight spectrometer SULEICA for the AMPTE satellite project has been calibrated for its response to H, Li, C, O, and Fe ions by using a thick target scattering technique at the EN tandem. (orig.)

[en] The mean ionic charges of nitrogen, neon, magnesium, silicon, and sulfur in solar flare particle events were determined for 12 flares during the time interval from September 1978 to September 1979. The observations were carried out with the MPI/UoMd ULEZEQ Sensor on the ISEE-3 satellite comparing the results with mean charge states established in a hot coronal plasma under equilibrium conditions, different temperatures for different elements are discussed. These range from approx. 2 million K to 7 million K in a single flare. From flare to flare the variation in temperature for each element is less than the variation between different ion species