[en] The differential screening method of Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation (SSH) has been used to identify genes associated with tumour progression and metastasis. Together 268 genes have been found to be up-regulated in the highly metastatic cell lines ASML and MTLy in comparison to its non-metastatic counterparts. In my thesis I have screened this group of genes to identify those that are differentially expressed in further tumour progression systems and show a correlation to the metastatic phenotype. This was achieved with the help of the DNA microarray technology. All the 268 genes were bound on glas chips and hybridised with fluorescent labeled cDNA isolated out of the non-metastatic cell line G and the highly metastatic cell line MatLylu. As a result of the hybridisation assays 40 genes have been identified showing association to the metastatic phenotype in varying tumour progression systems. Numerous of these genes have already been described in the literature as being associated to tumour progression or metastasis. Some of the identified genes have not been reported being related to tumour progression or metastasis and some of these genes are completely unknown (novels). One of these genes which has not been reported being related to tumour progression or metastasis is ASAP1. This gene was chosen for further studies. ASAP1 is a multiple domain protein that can interact with numerous proteins. Known interaction partners of ASAP1 are the tyrosine kinases Src, Crk FAK and Pyk2. Interactions with ARF1 and ARF5, two members of the Ras-superfamily have been described in the literature already. Further known interaction partners of ASAP1 are the phospholipid PIP2 and the scaffold protein CIN85 a regulator of the EGF receptors trafficking. By interacting with the proteins ASAP1 can regulate important cell functions like membrane remodeling, cytoskeleton organization, phospholipid metabolism and cell growth. An association to the neoplastic phenotype of the ASAP1 expression was revealed by in situ hybridisations with human cDNA and by immunohistochemistry assays using generated anti huASAP1 antibodies. To get an insight into the function of ASAP1, the phenotype of 1AS-Bsp73 cells transiently and stably overexpressing ASAP1 was studied. For these assays a newly identified constitutive active alternative spliced variant of ASAP1 (rASAP1c) was used. Further studies concerning the phenotype of highly metastatic ASML-Bsp73 cells transiently and stably overexpressing ASAP1 were performed. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] In this thesis results on the particle production in inelastic proton-antiproton reactions at 540 GeV c.m. energy are shown. The results origin from data of the streamer chamber experiment UA5 from its first measurement period in the autumn 1981 at the CERN collider. (orig./HSI)

[en] Medical applications require pure radionuclides for a high resolution in the measuring technique and for a low dose load to the patients. By electromagnetic mass separation high-purity radionuclides can be produced. Exemplary with ¹²⁴iodine a new process for an efficient routine production of isotopically clean radionuclides was developed using an ECR ion source. The radioisotope ¹²⁴iodine is the only longer-lived β⁺ emitting nuclide of iodine and is very suitable for diagnosis and therapy control with PET (T_1/2 = 4,2 d, β⁺ = 25%). The calculation of the Auger cascades shows an advantage of ¹²⁴iodine over ¹³¹iodine and makes it interesting for radiotherapy. In this thesis the possibility to produce high purity radionuclides by mass separation has been tested. The practical applicability of this process strongly depends on the availability of a suitable ion source and on the optimization of the working parameters of the separator. The whole installation runs reliably. While it is possible to get a good mass resolution, it still appears to be quite difficult to reach a high yield. For a routine production of iodine the entire process needs to have a high efficiency to avoid the installation to became excessively contaminated. (author) figs., tabs., refs

[en] The Double Chooz experiment aims to study the oscillations of electron antineutrinos produced by the Chooz nuclear power station, located in France, in the Ardennes region. It will lead to an unprecedented accuracy on the value of the mixing angle θ₁₃. Improving the current knowledge on this parameter, given by the Chooz experiment, requires a reduction of both statistical and systematic errors, that is to say not only observing a large data sample, but also controlling the experimental uncertainties involved in the production and detection of electron antineutrinos. The use of two identical detectors will cancel most of the experimental systematic uncertainties limiting the sensitivity to the value of the mixing angle. We present in this thesis, simulations of reactor antineutrino spectra that were carried out in order to control the sources of systematic uncertainty related to the production of these particles by the plant. We also discuss our work on controlling the normalization error of the experiment through the precise determination of the number of target protons by a weighing measurement and through the study of the fiducial volume of the detectors which requires an accurate modeling of neutron physics. After three years of data taking with two detectors, Double Chooz will be able to disentangle an oscillation signal for sin²2θ₁₃ ≥ 0.05 (at 3σ) or, if no oscillations are observed, to put a limit of sin²2θ₁₃ ≤ 0.03 at 90% C.L. (author)

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] An important aspect of an Earth Systems Science Prediction Systems (ESSPS) is to describe and predict the behavior of contaminants in different environmental compartments following severe accidents at chemical and nuclear installations. Such an ESSPS could be designed as a platform allowing to integrate models describing atmospheric, hydrological, oceanographic processes, physical-chemical transformation of the pollutants in the environment, contamination of food chain, and finally the overall exposure of the population with harmful substances. Such a chain of connected simulation models needed to describe the consequences of severe accidents in the different phases of an emergency should use different input data ranging from real-time online meteorological to long-term numerical weather prediction or ocean data. One example of an ESSPS is the Decision Support Systems JRODOS for off-site emergency management after nuclear emergencies. It integrates many different simulation models, real-time monitoring, regional GIS information, source term databases, and geospatial data for population and environmental characteristics. The development of the system started in 1992 supported by European Commission’s RTD Framework programs. Attracting more and more end users, the technical basis of of the system had to be considerably improved. For this, Java has been selected as a high level software language suitable for development of distributed cross-platform enterprise quality applications. From the other hand, a great deal of scientific computational software is available only as C/C++/FORTRAN packages. Moreover, it is a common scenario when some outputs of model A should act as inputs of model B, but the two models do not share common exchange containers and/or are written in different programming languages. To combine the flexibility of Java language and the speed and availability of scientific codes, and to be able to connect different computational codes into one chain of models, the notion of distributed wrapper objects (DWO) has been introduced. DWO provides logical, visual and technical means for the integration of computational models into the core of the system system, even if models and the system use different programming languages. The DWO technology allows various levels of interactivity including pull- and push driven chains, user interaction support, and sub-models calls. All the DWO data exchange is realized in memory and does not include IO disk operations, thus eliminating redundant reader/writer code and minimizing slow disk access. These features introduce more stability and performance of an ESSPS that is used for decision support. The current status of the DWO realization in JRODOS is presented focusing on the added value compared to traditional integration of different simulation models into one system.

[en] The paper summarizes the sources of CO₂-emissions and the present status of nuclear power. It then explores the technical potential of nuclear power to avoid CO₂-emissions in the future. Two cases are analysed where during the period 2000 to 2010 nuclear power is expanded by 40 and 60 GW(e) per year. This would avoid in 2010 between 22% and 27% respectively of all present CO₂-emissions from fossil fuels. The paper summarizes the status of nuclear safety and concludes that, considering the special responsibility of industrialized countries for the CO₂ problem and their technological capabilities, it is their duty to make extended use of existing type of reactors and to make advanced reactors more rapidly available in smaller sizes, based on simpler and standardized technology and enhanced use of passive safety features. (orig.)

[en] The paper reports about the Austrian electric utilities experiences and lessons gained concerning renewable energies utilization and conversion in Austria: hydro-power, biomass, heat pumps, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy. CO₂ emission saving potential of renewable energies and cost of CO₂ reduction are also discussed together with the benefits, requirements, barriers and implications along the path of increased market penetration of renewable energies. 1 fig

[en] Within this part of the project the effect of symmetrical and asymmetrical fatigue loading on directionally solidified superalloys IN-6203 DS, IN-792 DS and CM-247LC DS ( in this report abbreviated by 6203, 792 and 247) has been investigated. The working program consisted of the following steps: 1. Metallographic characterization of the slabs in the as-received condition; 2. Performing of symmetrical total strain-controlled LCF tests, mostly at high temperatures according to a given test matrix. 3. Performing of asymmetrical fatigue experiments at 850 C. 4. Comiparison of the results for the different alloys. 5. Investigation of the internal damage of the samples. (orig./UU)