[en] The far east coast of the USSR is subjected to the effects of tsunamis generated closely in the Kuril-Kamchatka trench and the sea of Japan, and distantly in the Pacific. The Tsunami Warning Services were organized in Sakhalinsk and Kamchatsk regions in 1956. In 1983 service was set up in the Primorsky Krai area. The Warning Services use 6 seismic and 53 tide stations. The principal method of tsunami prediction is seismic based on the registration of earthquake waves preceding the tsunami wave, by determining earthquake magnitude epicenter and tsunami generation probability based on these parameters. Sea level observations are of secondary importance but are used in the forecasting of waves far from the source. These are the main deficiencies of conventional warning services that must be eliminated, and to apply up-to-date informational technology as the basis for UATWS creation. 9 refs, 3 figs, 1 tab

[en] The advantage of Pauli-Villars regularization in quantum field theory quantized on the light front is explained. Simple examples of scalar λφ"4 field theory and Yukawa-type model are used. We give also an example of nonperturbative calculation in the theory with Pauli-Villars fields, using for that a model of anharmonic oscillator modified by inclusion of ghost variables playing the role similar to Pauli-Villars fields

[en] The experimental results on the dissociation of iodine molecules in the presence of single oxygen molecules under a widerange variation of the oxygen–iodine composition are presented. The rate constants are determined as 4.3 × 10^-17 cm³ s^-1 for the reaction O₂(¹Δ) + O₂(¹Δ) → O₂(¹Σ) + O₂(³Σ) (reaction 1), 2.8 × 10^-13 cm³ s^-1 for the reaction O₂(¹Δ) + I(²P_1/2) → O₂(¹Σ) + I(²P_3/2) (4) and 8.3 × 10^-11 cm³ s^-1 for the reaction O₂(¹Σ) + I₂ → O₂(³Σ) + 2I (2). The analysis of the experimental results shows that for different compositions of the active medium of the oxygen–iodine laser the iodine dissociation occurs via the chain of reactions 1, 2, O₂(¹Δ) + I(²P_3/2) → O₂(³Σ) + I(²P_1/2), 4 and in the cascade process I₂ + I(²P_1/2) → I₂(u) + I(²P_3/2), I₂(u) + O₂(¹Δ) → 2I + O₂(³Σ). For typical active medium compositions of the supersonic chemical oxygen–iodine laser, the contributions of each of the mechanisms to the dissociation are comparable. The experiments carried out did not reveal any contribution from the vibrationally excited oxygen molecules to the iodine dissociation. Thus, the performed experiments and the conclusions drawn from them completely confirm the mechanism of iodine dissociation, proposed earlier. (active media)

[en] The kinetics of the processes occurring in an O_2 – I_2 – He – H_2O gas flow in which photodissociation of molecular iodine at a wavelength close to 500 nm and excitation of atomic iodine on the "2P_1_/_2 – "2P_3_/_2 transition by narrow-band radiation near 1315 nm are implemented successively has been analysed. It is shown that implementation of these processes allows one to form an oxygen – iodine medium with a high degree of dissociation of molecular iodine and a relative content of singlet oxygen O_2(a"1Δ) exceeding 10%. Having formed a supersonic gas flow with a temperature ∼100 K from this medium, one can reach a small-signal gain of about 10"-"2 cm"-"1 on the "2P_1_/_2 – "2P_3_/_2 transition in iodine atoms. The specific power per unit flow cross section in the oxygen – iodine laser with this active medium may reach ∼100 W cm"-"2. (active media)

[en] It is observed that laser light at a wavelength of 1315 nm induces continuous stable fluorescence at the O₂(b ¹Σ → X ³Σ) and I₂(B ³Π_u → X ¹Σ) bands in a O₂–I₂ mixture preliminarily irradiated at a wavelength of 532 nm to achieve partial photolysis of iodine molecules. This testifies to generation of iodine atoms and excited O₂(a ¹Δ), O₂(b ¹Σ), and I₂(B ³Π_u) molecules in the O₂–I₂ mixture under irradiation at 1315 nm. (fluorescence and photogeneration)

[en] Previously published applications of optical emission spectroscopy as a quantitative plasma diagnostic technique are reviewed. By adding traces of rare gases to the plasma, electron temperatures (T_e) and relative electron and ion densities can be determined from electron impact-induced optical emission. Excitation from both the ground state and metastable states of the rare gases must be considered. At higher rare gas partial pressures, UV radiation trapping and optical cascading must also be taken into account. Absolute species concentrations (e.g. Cl₂, Cl, O, and F) can be derived from their optical emissions, combined with T_e measurements determined from rare gas optical emission. Examples are given of neutral and ion species density measurements in chlorine, oxygen, and fluorocarbon-containing low-pressure, high charge-density plasmas. Typical results of T_e measurements are also presented and compared with Langmuir probe measurements

[en] The Cascade3 Monte Carlo event generator based on Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton densities is described. Hard processes which are generated in collinear factorization with LO multileg or NLO parton level generators are extended by adding transverse momenta to the initial partons according to TMD densities and applying dedicated TMD parton showers and hadronization. Processes with off-shell kinematics within $k_t$-factorization, either internally implemented or from external packages via LHE files, can be processed for parton showering and hadronization. The initial state parton shower is tied to the TMD parton distribution, with all parameters fixed by the TMD distribution.