[en] Carcinomas and sarcomas are known to develop after radiation therapy. A complete review of the literature regarding appearance of carcinoma of the rectum following radiation therapy to the pelvis was undertaken. The average interval between irradiation and diagnosis of the rectal cancer was 15.2 years, the range being from one year, two months to 33 years. Researchers present a case of carcinoma of the rectum arising as two separate primaries 46 years after irradiation for an epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. There were many pathologic changes related to the radiation therapy

[en] In this work, the structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Fe_xPt_1-x alloy thin films, with Fe composition x∼50 at%, deposited on different substrate and at distinct temperature, were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering technique on oxidized silicon (SiO₂/Si(1 0 0)) and MgO(1 0 0) substrates, with and without a Pt buffer layer, at substrate temperature (T_S) varying from room temperature to 600 deg. C. For the samples grown on amorphous SiO₂/Si, with and without a Pt buffer layer, the increase of T_S raised the crystallinity, but, did not induce a dominant face centered tetragonal, FCT(0 0 1) phase. In the FePt films grown on MgO, the XRD data showed the predominant ordered FCT(0 0 1) phase, with long-range order parameter of 0.89 at 600 deg. C. Also, during chemical ordering, the preferred crystal orientation changed from [1 0 0] FCT phase to [0 0 1] ordered FCT phase, through the intermediary [1 1 1] FCT phase. For FePt films on Pt/MgO, the Pt buffer's definite FCC(1 0 0) crystallographic structure was obtained at T_S=400 deg. C, allowing the adequate condition to induce the FCT structure with preferred (0 0 1) texture in the FePt film deposited on it, at this same T_S

[en] Several radiographics records with typical roentgen features in hysterosalpingography are presented. Congenital anomalies, myomas, polypus, hyperplasia of endometrium, adenomyosis, synechias, uterine carcinoma, tuba uterine and cervical canal alterations, caesarean section are briefly discussed. (M.A.C.)

[en] Short communication

[en] Estonia's energy balance for 1990 - 1994 is characterized by the dramatic changes in the economy after regaining independence in 1991. In 1990 - 1993, primary energy supply decreased about 1.9 times. The reasons were a sharp decrease in exports of electric energy and industrial products, a steep increase in fuel prices and the transition from the planned to a market-oriented economy. Over the same period, the total amount of emitted greenhouse gases decreased about 45%. In 1993, the decrease in energy production and consumption stopped, and in 1994, a moderate increase occurred (about 6%), which is a proof stabilizing economy. Oil shale power engineering will remain the prevailing energy resource for the next 20 - 25 years. After stabilization, the use of oil shale will rise in Estonia's economy. Oil shale combustion in power plants will be the greatest source of greenhouse gases emissions in near future. The main problem is to decrease the share of CO₂ emissions from the decomposition of carbonate part of oil shale. This can be done by separating limestone particles from oil shale before its burning by use of circulating fluidized bed combustion technology. Higher efficiency of oil shale power plants facilitates the reduction of CO₂ emissions per generated MWh electricity considerably. The prognoses for the future development of power engineering depend essentially on the environmental requirements. Under the highly restricted development scenario, which includes strict limitations to emissions (CO₂ , SO₂ , thermal waste) and a severe penalty system, the competitiveness of nuclear power will increase. The conceptual steps taken by the Estonian energy management should be in compliance with those of neighboring countries, including the development programs of the other Baltic states

No abstract available

[en] We derive the effects of time refraction in a dispersive medium. A new type of radiation process is described that extends the concept of Unruh radiation to a non-accelerated but superluminal perturbation of the optical properties of a medium. The case of a plasma is considered as an example

[en] We are going to present preliminary experimental results for our latest PHALL thruster of the annular type, which has been greatly improved with a new magnetic circuit design that allows operation with the magnetic field perpendicular (normal configuration) or parallel (magnetic shielding) to the thruster walls; where the benefit of this last magnetic field configuration is an improvement of three orders of magnitude on the thruster’s lifetime. For the first time, we will report on PHALL II-C operation up to 620 W with the generation of up to 41.39 mN of force and 2286.22 s of specific impulse, using a hollow cathode. These tests elevate the TRL of our thruster to TRL 4, with more realistic tests planned in our near future. We will also detail current work on the control and dissipation of thermal energy which will allow our thrusters to operate for long periods of time in space. (paper)

No abstract available

[en] Hall thrusters are one of the most successful electric thrusters for space application that has been developed until now. The Plasma Physics Laboratory of the University of Brasília (UnB) has been developing a Permanent Magnet Hall Thruster (PHALL) for the Brazilian Space Program since 2004. Recently we have achieved important experimental results satisfying our initial goals of generating a force above 40 mN with powers around 620 W. We will discuss in this article possible applications of this thruster to nano and microsatellites with powers above 50 W. Meanwhile, a complete description is given of our present and future installations where the new thruster will be tested; taking advantage of our new 1.5 m diameter vacuum chamber (the old chamber had 0.5 m in diameter), which intends to test our thruster in the most realistic conditions, including mounting and testing on a 3U CubeSat structure, which is where we intend to start testing our thruster in a real mission in space. (paper)